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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">thealth</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Здравоохранение Таджикистана</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Health care of Tajikistan</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0514-2415</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Редакция журнала «Здравоохранение Таджикистана»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.52888/0514-2515-2023-356-1-119-130</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">thealth-442</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОР ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEW</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Дислипидемия и ее особенности при первичном билиарном холангите</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Dyslipidemia and its features in primary biliary cholangitis</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Решетняк</surname><given-names>В. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Reshetnyak</surname><given-names>V. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Решетняк Василий Иванович – д.м.н., профессор кафедры пропедевтики внутренних болезней и гастроэнтерологии</p><p>МоскваТел.: +74956096700</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Reshetnyak Vasily Ivanovich - Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor of the Department of Propedevtika of Internal Diseases and Gastroenterology</p><p>MoscowTel: +74956096700</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vasiliy.reshetnyak@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Маев</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Maev</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Московский государственный медико-стоматологический университет им. А.И. Евдокимова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry A.I. Evdokimov</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>30</day><month>03</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>119</fpage><lpage>130</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Решетняк В.И., Маев И.В., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Решетняк В.И., Маев И.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Reshetnyak V.I., Maev I.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.zdrav.tj/jour/article/view/442">https://www.zdrav.tj/jour/article/view/442</self-uri><abstract><p>Первичный билиарный холангит, ранее известный как первичный билиарный цирроз, является редким аутоиммунным заболеванием печени, которым страдают в основном женщины. Развивающееся нарушение процессов желчевыделения и энтерогепатической циркуляции желчных кислот у пациентов с первичным билиарным холангитом уже на ранних стадиях заболевания приводит к недостаточному поступлению их в кишечник и попаданию желчных кислот в общий кровоток. Недостаточное поступление желчных кислот в двенадцатиперстную кишку способствует развитию мальабсорбции, энергетической недостаточности питания, потере веса, медленно прогрессирующему похуданию. Патофизиологические механизмы развития потери веса и медленно прогрессирующего похудания связаны с ухудшением процессов эмульгирования жиров и уменьшением всасывания гидролизованных продуктов – жирных кислот и моноглицеридов, стеатореей у пациентов с первичным билиарным холангитом, а также с дисбиозом кишечной микрофлоры. Уже на ранних стадиях заболевания это приводит к ускоренному b-окислению жирных кислот, которое направлено на компенсацию развивающейся энергетической недостаточности питания. Попадание жёлчных кислот в общий кровоток при первичном билиарном холангите сопровождается дислипидемией. Механизм гиперлипидемии у пациентов с первичным билиарным холангитом отличается от такового при других состояниях, поскольку наряду с увеличением общего холестерина, отмечается повышение уровня липопротеинов высокой плотности и появление необычного липопротеина X (Lp-X). Появление последнего, скорее всего является защитной реакцией организма, направленной на инактивацию детергентного действия желчных кислот на мембранные структуры форменных элементов крови и эндотелиоцитов сосудов. Именно желчные кислоты, а не содержание общего холестерина, коррелирует с уровнем липопротеина X и определяет его образование. Сопутствующая гиперхолестеролемия у пациентов с первичным билиарным холангитом также направлена на нейтрализацию детергентного действия желчных кислот, попавших в общий кровоток и, скорее всего, является компенсаторной реакцией организма. «Аномальная» гиперхолестеролемия при первичном билиарном холангите может служить модельной системой для поиска и разработки новых способов лечения дислипидемий, так как протекает без увеличения частоты сердечно-сосудистых событий.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Primary biliary cholangitis, previously known as primary biliary cirrhosis, is a rare autoimmune liver disease that mostly affects women. Disorder of biliary excretion and enterohepatic circulation of bile acids in patients with primary biliary cholangitis in the early stages of the disease leads to their insufficient flow into the intestine and ingestion of bile acids into the general bloodstream. Insufficient intake of bile acids into the duodenum contributes to malabsorption, energetic malnutrition, and a slowly progressing weight loss. Pathophysiological mechanisms of the development of weight loss are related to impaired emulsification of fats and decreased absorption of hydrolyzed products - fatty acids and monoglycerides, steatorrhea in patients with primary biliary cholangitis as well as to dysbiosis of intestinal microflora. Already in the early stages of the disease, this leads to accelerated ß-oxidation of fatty acids, which is aimed at compensating for the developing nutritional energy deficiency. Entry of bile acids into the general bloodstream in primary biliary cholangitis is accompanied by dyslipidemia. The mechanism of hyperlipidemia in patients with primary biliary cholangitis differs from that in other conditions because along with the increase in total cholesterol, there is an increase in high-density lipoproteins and the appearance of unusual lipoprotein X (Lp-X). The appearance of the latter is most likely a protective reaction of the body aimed at the inactivation of bile acids detergent action on membrane structures of blood-forming elements and vascular endotheliocytes. Exactly bile acids, but not the content of total cholesterol, correlates with the level of lipoprotein X and determine its formation. Concomitant hypercholesterolemia in patients with primary biliary cholangitis is also aimed at neutralizing the detergent action of bile acids that entered the general bloodstream and is most likely a compensatory reaction of the body. “Abnormal” hypercholesterolemia in primary biliary cholangitis can serve as a model system to search for and develop new ways of dyslipidemia treatment, as it proceeds without increasing the frequency of cardiovascular events.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>первичный билиарный холангит (ПБХ)</kwd><kwd>нарушение обмена пищевых липидов при ПБХ</kwd><kwd>гиперхолестеролемия</kwd><kwd>механизм развития дислипидемии при ПБХ</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>primary biliary cholangitis (PBC)</kwd><kwd>disorders of dietary lipid metabolism in PBC</kwd><kwd>hypercholesterolemia</kwd><kwd>mechanism of dyslipidemia in PBC</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Недостаточность питания: от патогенеза к современным методам диагностики и лечения / О.И. 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