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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">thealth</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Здравоохранение Таджикистана</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Health care of Tajikistan</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0514-2415</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Редакция журнала «Здравоохранение Таджикистана»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.52888/0514-2515-2024-361-2-24-29</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">thealth-555</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Этиологические, патогенетические факторы и распространенность анальной трещины в Республике Таджикистан</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Aetiology, pathogenetic factors and prevalence of anal fissure in the Republic of Tajikistan</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гулзода</surname><given-names>Г. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gulzoda</surname><given-names>G. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Гулзода Ганджина Амиршох - ассистент кафедры общей хирургии №1 им. проф. Каххарова А.Н.,</p><p>Тел.: +992908801122</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Gulzoda Gandjina Amirshokh - Assistant of the Department of General Surgery №1 named after Prof. A.N. Kakhkharov</p><p>Tel.: +992908801122 </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">gulovagandzina@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГОУ «Таджикский государственный медицинский университет им. Абуали ибни Сино»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>State Educational Institution Avicenna Tajik State Medical University, Department of General Surgery №1 named after Prof. A.N. Kakhkharov</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>20</day><month>08</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>24</fpage><lpage>29</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Гулзода Г.А., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Гулзода Г.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Gulzoda G.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.zdrav.tj/jour/article/view/555">https://www.zdrav.tj/jour/article/view/555</self-uri><abstract><p>Цель исследования. Изучить этиологические, патогенетические факторы и распространённость анальной трещины в Республике Таджикистан.Материал и методы исследования. В специализированных колопроктологических центрах нашей Республики ежегодно проходят лечение около 600 больных с анальной трещиной. С 2018 года по 2022 года в медицинских учреждениях с данной патологий госпитализировано 3065 больных. Все пациенты были подвергнуты осмотру перианальной области, проведено определение анального и ректоанального рефлексов, а также выполнено пальцевое исследование прямой кишки, сфинктерометрия, манометрия и ректороманоскопия.Результаты исследования и их обсуждение. Основным звеном патогенеза является образование так называемый порочный круг, в цепочке которого важную роль играет болевой синдром и спазм анального сфинктера, а также образование карункулы, которое наблюдалось соответственно в 83% и 82% случаев. Пектиноз анального жома встречался в 8% случаев, а уплотнение краев анальной трещины - в 115 случаях.Заключение. Анальная трещина является полиэтиологическим заболеванием, важным фактором образования которой является механическое повреждение задней стенки вследствие хронических упорных запоров. В патогенезе анальной трещины важное значение имеет формирование порочного круга, в цепи которого важную роль играют болевой фактор и спазм анального сфинктера.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Aim. To study the aetiology, pathogenetic factors and prevalence of anal fissure in the Republic of Tajikistan.Materials and methods. Approximately 600 patients with anal fissure are treated annually in specialized coloproctology centres of the Republic. During 2018-2022, 3,065 patients were admitted with this pathology. All patients underwent perianal examination. Anal and rectal reflexes were measured, digital rectal examination, sphincterometry, manometry and sigmoidoscopy were performed.Results and discussion. The main factor in the pathogenesis is the formation of the so-called vicious cycle, in which the pain factor and spasm of the anal sphincter play an important role, as well as the formation of a caruncle, which was observed in 83% and 82% of the cases, respectively. Pectinosis of the anal sphincter occurred in 8% and thickening of the anal fissure margins in 115 cases.Conclusions. Anal fissure is a polyetiological disease and an important factor in its development is mechanical damage of the posterior wall due to chronic persistent constipation. In the pathogenesis of anal fissure there is a vicious circle in which pain factor and spasm of anal sphincter play an important role.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>анальная трещина</kwd><kwd>этиология</kwd><kwd>патогенез</kwd><kwd>анальный сфинктер</kwd><kwd>запор</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>anal fissure</kwd><kwd>aetiology</kwd><kwd>pathogenesis</kwd><kwd>anal sphincter</kwd><kwd>constipation</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Нехрикова С.В. Амбулаторное лечение пациентов с заболеваниями анального канала и перианальной области / С.В. Нехрикова, А.Ю. Титов, В.Н. Кашников и др.// Доказательная гастроэнтерология. – 2019. –Т.8, №3. – С. 27-37.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nekhrikova S.V. 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