thealthЗдравоохранение ТаджикистанаHealth care of Tajikistan0514-2415Редакция журнала «Здравоохранение Таджикистана»10.52888/0514-2515-2025-364-1-100-106thealth-633Research ArticleОБЗОР ЛИТЕРАТУРЫREVIEWВидовой состав микрофлоры полости рта в норме, при патологии и у лиц с установленными ортопедическими конструкциямиThe species composition of oral microflora in normal conditions, pathologies, and in individuals with prosthetic constructionsКурбоноваГ. Х.KurbonovaG. H.

Курбонова Гулноз Хошимовна – соискатель

Teл.: +992918434377

Kurbonova Gulnoz Khoshimovna - Researcher

Tel.: +992918434377

gulnozhoshimovna@gmail.comНОУ “Медико-социальный институт Таджикистана”ТаджикистанNEI Medical-Social Institute of TajikistanTajikistan20250804202501100106Copyright © Курбонова Г.Х., 20252025Курбонова Г.Х.Kurbonova G.H.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.zdrav.tj/jour/article/view/633

Данная статья представляет обзор литературы, посвящённый изменениям видового состава микрофлоры полости рта в различных состояниях, подчёркивая значимость сохранения микробного баланса. Изучение микробиоты в норме, при патологиях и у пациентов с протезами имеет ключевое значение для разработки эффективных методов профилактики и лечения заболеваний полости рта. Современные исследования уделяют особое внимание влиянию материалов протезов и стратегиям контроля микробных изменений. Микробиота полости рта представляет собой сложную экосистему, включающую сотни видов бактерий, грибов и вирусов, которые поддерживают гомеостаз и участвуют в иммунной защите организма. В нормальных условиях преобладают комменсальные микроорганизмы, такие как Streptococcus и Veillonella, обеспечивающие барьерную функцию и регулирующие воспалительные процессы. Однако изменения в составе микрофлоры могут привести к дисбиозу, который ассоциируется с развитием таких заболеваний, как кариес и пародонтит.

This article presents a literature review focusing on changes in the species composition of the oral microbiota under different conditions, emphasising the importance of maintaining the microbial balance. The study of the microbiota under normal conditions, pathological conditions and in patients with prostheses is crucial for the development of effective methods for the prevention and treatment of oral diseases. Modern research pays particular attention to the effects of prosthetic materials and strategies to control microbial changes. The oral microbiota is a complex ecosystem that includes hundreds of species of bacteria, fungi and viruses that maintain homeostasis and participate in the body’s immune defence. Under normal conditions, commensal microorganisms such as Streptococcus and Veillonella predominate, providing barrier function and regulating inflammatory processes. However, changes in the composition of the microflora can lead to dysbiosis, which is associated with the development of diseases such as dental caries and periodontitis.

микрофлора полости ртабиопленкидисбиозортопедические конструкциoral microbiotabiofilmsdysbiosisprosthesesReferencesАбакаров Т. А. Протезирование при полной вторичной адентии с опорой на имплантаты при помощи шаровидных абатменов / Т. А. Абакаров, А. А. Алиев, М. А. Азизов. // Сборник научных трудов, посвященный основателю кафедры ортопедической стоматологии КГМУ проф. Исааку Михайловичу Оксману. - Казань, 2019. - С. 3-7.Abakarov T. A. [Prosthetics in case of complete secondary adentia with support on implants with the help of spherical abutments: Collection of Scientific Works.]. Sbornik nauchnykh trudov, posvyashchennyy osnovatelyu kafedry ortopedicheskoy stomatologii KGMU prof. Isaaku Mikhaylovichu Oksmanu [Collection of scientific papers dedicated to the founder of the Department of Orthopedic Dentistry of KSMU Prof. Isaak Mikhailovich Oxman]. Kazan, 2019. pp. 3-7. (In Russ.)Andersson M.A., Banerjee A., Gerlon E. Biofilm removal techniques in orthodontics. Journal of Dental Materials, 2021, Vol. 37, No. 1, pp. 11–12.Andersson M.A., Banerjee A., Gerlon E. Biofilm removal techniques in orthodontics. Journal of Dental Materials, 2021, Vol. 37, No. 1, pp. 11–12.Belibasakis G.N., Banerjee A. Polymicrobial biofilms and oral pathogenesis. Pathogens, 2022, Vol. 11, No. 1, pp. 14–15.Belibasakis G.N., Banerjee A. Polymicrobial biofilms and oral pathogenesis. Pathogens, 2022, Vol. 11, No. 1, pp. 14–15.Banerjee A.P., Kudzuki N. Nanotechnology in oral biofilm management. Nanomedicine, 2023, Vol. 18, No. 1, pp. 19–20.Banerjee A.P., Kudzuki N. Nanotechnology in oral biofilm management. Nanomedicine, 2023, Vol. 18, No. 1, pp. 19–20.Gerlon E.R., Lamont R.J. Influence of removable appliances on oral microbiota. Applied Sciences, 2021, Vol. 11, No. 1, pp. 20–21.Gerlon E.R., Lamont R.J. Influence of removable appliances on oral microbiota. Applied Sciences, 2021, Vol. 11, No. 1, pp. 20–21.James K.E. Fungal-bacterial interactions in oral diseases. Trends in Microbiology, 2023, Vol. 31, No. 1, pp. 23–24.James K.E. Fungal-bacterial interactions in oral diseases. Trends in Microbiology, 2023, Vol. 31, No. 1, pp. 23–24.Kim H. Biofilms in dentistry: prevention and management. Frontiers in Microbiology, 2023, Vol. 14, No. 1, pp. 21–22.Kim H. Biofilms in dentistry: prevention and management. Frontiers in Microbiology, 2023, Vol. 14, No. 1, pp. 21–22.Koo H. Mechanisms of cariogenic biofilm formation. Microbiology Reviews, 2021, Vol. 15, No. 1, pp. 1–2.Koo H. Mechanisms of cariogenic biofilm formation. Microbiology Reviews, 2021, Vol. 15, No. 1, pp. 1–2.Kudzuki N., Li J. The role of oral viruses in diseases. Journal of Virology, 2023, Vol. 97, No. 1, pp. 7–8.Kudzuki N., Li J. The role of oral viruses in diseases. Journal of Virology, 2023, Vol. 97, No. 1, pp. 7–8.Lamont R.J. Periodontal pathogens and their links to systemic diseases. Current Opinion in Microbiology, 2022, Vol. 28, No. 5, pp. 5–6.Lamont R.J. Periodontal pathogens and their links to systemic diseases. Current Opinion in Microbiology, 2022, Vol. 28, No. 5, pp. 5–6.Li J.W. The role of probiotics in oral health: collection of scientific papers. Probiotics and Antimicrobial Proteins, 2024, Vol. 16, No. 1, pp. 3–4.Li J.W. The role of probiotics in oral health: collection of scientific papers. Probiotics and Antimicrobial Proteins, 2024, Vol. 16, No. 1, pp. 3–4.Lucas K. Adhesive properties of oral bacteria: collection of scientific papers. Journal of Adhesion Science and Technology, 2021, Vol. 35, No. 1, pp. 5–6.Lucas K. Adhesive properties of oral bacteria: collection of scientific papers. Journal of Adhesion Science and Technology, 2021, Vol. 35, No. 1, pp. 5–6.Marsh P.D. Dental plaque as a biofilm and microbial community: collection of scientific papers. Oral Microbiology, 2020, Vol. 12, No. 1, pp. 7–8.Marsh P.D. Dental plaque as a biofilm and microbial community: collection of scientific papers. Oral Microbiology, 2020, Vol. 12, No. 1, pp. 7–8.Matsuo K., Marsh P.D. pH variations and oral diseases: collection of scientific papers. Journal of Biochemical Microbiology, 2023, Vol. 8, No. 1, pp. 5–6.Matsuo K., Marsh P.D. pH variations and oral diseases: collection of scientific papers. Journal of Biochemical Microbiology, 2023, Vol. 8, No. 1, pp. 5–6.Mayer D.H. Biofilm-host interactions in health and disease: collection of scientific papers. Oral Biology Reviews, 2022, Vol. 6, No. 1, pp. 6–7.Mayer D.H. Biofilm-host interactions in health and disease: collection of scientific papers. Oral Biology Reviews, 2022, Vol. 6, No. 1, pp. 6–7.Miller W.D. Bacterial plaque and oral hygiene: collection of scientific papers. Historical Insights in Dentistry, 2023, Vol. 1, No. 1, pp. 3–4.Miller W.D. Bacterial plaque and oral hygiene: collection of scientific papers. Historical Insights in Dentistry, 2023, Vol. 1, No. 1, pp. 3–4.Novitsky E. New antiseptics in periodontal therapy: collection of scientific papers. Journal of Periodontology, 2023, Vol. 28, No. 1, pp. 6–7.Novitsky E. New antiseptics in periodontal therapy: collection of scientific papers. Journal of Periodontology, 2023, Vol. 28, No. 1, pp. 6–7.Perera M. Oral microbiota and systemic health: collection of scientific papers. Journal of Medical Microbiology, 2023, Vol. 72, No. 1, pp. 4–5.Perera M. Oral microbiota and systemic health: collection of scientific papers. Journal of Medical Microbiology, 2023, Vol. 72, No. 1, pp. 4–5.Patel R. Antimicrobial resistance in oral biofilms: collection of scientific papers. Clinical Microbiology Reviews, 2022, Vol. 35, No. 1, pp. 2–3.Patel R. Antimicrobial resistance in oral biofilms: collection of scientific papers. Clinical Microbiology Reviews, 2022, Vol. 35, No. 1, pp. 2–3.Ribeiro A.A. The impact of smoking on oral microbiota: collection of scientific papers. Tobacco-Induced Diseases, 2022, Vol. 20, No. 1, pp. 10–11.Ribeiro A.A. The impact of smoking on oral microbiota: collection of scientific papers. Tobacco-Induced Diseases, 2022, Vol. 20, No. 1, pp. 10–11.Rozier B. Dysbiosis of oral biofilms and disease progression: collection of scientific papers. Current Reviews in Oral Health, 2022, Vol. 9, No. 1, pp. 5–6.Rozier B. Dysbiosis of oral biofilms and disease progression: collection of scientific papers. Current Reviews in Oral Health, 2022, Vol. 9, No. 1, pp. 5–6.Sampaio-Maia B. The oral microbiome throughout life: collection of scientific papers. Frontiers in Oral Research, 2021, Vol. 1, No. 1, pp. 11–12.Sampaio-Maia B. The oral microbiome throughout life: collection of scientific papers. Frontiers in Oral Research, 2021, Vol. 1, No. 1, pp. 11–12.Singh P., Takahashi N. Advances in oral microbiome modulation: collection of scientific papers. Journal of Oral Biology, 2023, Vol. 10, No. 1, pp. 25–26.Singh P., Takahashi N. Advances in oral microbiome modulation: collection of scientific papers. Journal of Oral Biology, 2023, Vol. 10, No. 1, pp. 25–26.Suzuki N. The role of oral viruses in diseases: collection of scientific papers. Journal of Virology, 2023, Vol. 97, No. 1, pp. 16–17.Suzuki N. The role of oral viruses in diseases: collection of scientific papers. Journal of Virology, 2023, Vol. 97, No. 1, pp. 16–17.Takahashi N.R. Metabolic interactions within oral biofilms: collection of scientific papers. Molecular Oral Microbiology, 2022, Vol. 37, No. 1, pp. 12–13.Takahashi N.R. Metabolic interactions within oral biofilms: collection of scientific papers. Molecular Oral Microbiology, 2022, Vol. 37, No. 1, pp. 12–13.Teles R.A. Antimicrobial peptides in oral health: collection of scientific papers. Journal of Clinical Dentistry, 2021, Vol. 24, No. 1, pp. 31–32.Teles R.A. Antimicrobial peptides in oral health: collection of scientific papers. Journal of Clinical Dentistry, 2021, Vol. 24, No. 1, pp. 31–32.Watson M. Biofilm formation in implantology: collection of scientific papers. Clinical Oral Implant Research, 2024, Vol. 35, No. 1, pp. 30–31.Watson M. Biofilm formation in implantology: collection of scientific papers. Clinical Oral Implant Research, 2024, Vol. 35, No. 1, pp. 30–31.Filosh S. Microbial communities of the oral cavity in young children: collection of scientific papers. Journal of Pediatric Dentistry, 2021, Vol. 1, No. 1, pp. 25–26.Filosh S. Microbial communities of the oral cavity in young children: collection of scientific papers. Journal of Pediatric Dentistry, 2021, Vol. 1, No. 1, pp. 25–26.Fukui H. Oral biofilms in candidiasis: collection of scientific papers. Mycopathologia, 2022, Vol. 187, No. 1, pp. 31–32.Fukui H. Oral biofilms in candidiasis: collection of scientific papers. Mycopathologia, 2022, Vol. 187, No. 1, pp. 31–32.Hannig S. Protective mechanisms of microbial communities in the oral cavity: collection of scientific papers. European Journal of Oral Sciences, 2020, Vol. 128, No. 1, pp. 24–25.Hannig S. Protective mechanisms of microbial communities in the oral cavity: collection of scientific papers. European Journal of Oral Sciences, 2020, Vol. 128, No. 1, pp. 24–25.Zeng T. Next-generation sequencing in oral microbiota research: collection of scientific papers. Journal of Dental Research, 2023, Vol. 102, No. 1, pp. 6–7.Zeng T. Next-generation sequencing in oral microbiota research: collection of scientific papers. Journal of Dental Research, 2023, Vol. 102, No. 1, pp. 6–7.Chen T., Zeng T. Influence of diet on the composition of the oral microbiota: collection of scientific papers. Nutrients, 2022, Vol. 14, No. 1, pp. 7–8.Chen T., Zeng T. Influence of diet on the composition of the oral microbiota: collection of scientific papers. Nutrients, 2022, Vol. 14, No. 1, pp. 7–8.Sharma S. The role of metallic nanoparticles in dentistry: collection of scientific papers. Advances in Dental Research, 2022, Vol. 1, No. 1, pp. 27–28.Sharma S. The role of metallic nanoparticles in dentistry: collection of scientific papers. Advances in Dental Research, 2022, Vol. 1, No. 1, pp. 27–28.Evans J. Microbial shifts in patients with geriatric prostheses: collection of scientific papers. Gerodontology, 2021, Vol. 38, No. 1, pp. 21–22.Evans J. Microbial shifts in patients with geriatric prostheses: collection of scientific papers. Gerodontology, 2021, Vol. 38, No. 1, pp. 21–22.Yuryev A. The impact of antibiotics on the oral microbiota: collection of scientific papers. Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 2021, Vol. 59, No. 1, pp. 14–15.Yuryev A. The impact of antibiotics on the oral microbiota: collection of scientific papers. Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 2021, Vol. 59, No. 1, pp. 14–15.Yurova M.A. Oral microbiota and its role in the pathogenesis of heart diseases: collection of scientific papers. Systemic Diseases and Microbiota, 2023, Vol. 1, No. 1, pp. 5–6.Yurova M.A. Oral microbiota and its role in the pathogenesis of heart diseases: collection of scientific papers. Systemic Diseases and Microbiota, 2023, Vol. 1, No. 1, pp. 5–6.Yudin S.P. The use of laser technologies in controlling oral biofilms: collection of scientific papers. Journal of Laser Medicine, 2023, Vol. 1, No. 1, pp. 7–8.Yudin S.P. The use of laser technologies in controlling oral biofilms: collection of scientific papers. Journal of Laser Medicine, 2023, Vol. 1, No. 1, pp. 7–8.Yakovleva L.I. The role of oral biofilms in periodontal disease development: collection of scientific papers. Current Research in Dentistry, 2022, Vol. 1, No. 1, pp. 4–5.Yakovleva L.I. The role of oral biofilms in periodontal disease development: collection of scientific papers. Current Research in Dentistry, 2022, Vol. 1, No. 1, pp. 4–5.Yasikov N. Evolution of the oral microbiota in children: collection of scientific papers. Journal of Pediatric Dentistry, 2021, Vol. 1, No. 1, pp. 17–18.Yasikov N. Evolution of the oral microbiota in children: collection of scientific papers. Journal of Pediatric Dentistry, 2021, Vol. 1, No. 1, pp. 17–18.Yashikawa H. Orthodontic appliances and microbial load: collection of scientific papers. American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, 2024, Vol. 166, No. 1, pp. 5–6.Yashikawa H. Orthodontic appliances and microbial load: collection of scientific papers. American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, 2024, Vol. 166, No. 1, pp. 5–6.

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.