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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">thealth</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Здравоохранение Таджикистана</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Health care of Tajikistan</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0514-2415</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Редакция журнала «Здравоохранение Таджикистана»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.52888/0514-2515-2026-368-1-50-59</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">thealth-713</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Особенности диагностики и тактики хирургического лечения врожденного гидронефроза у детей</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Diagnostic features and surgical management of congenital hydronephrosis in children</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0006-6887-8823</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Махмаджонов</surname><given-names>Д. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Makhmadjonov</surname><given-names>D. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Махмаджонов Додарджон Махмаджонович - кандидат медицинских наук, дотсент кафедры детской хирургии</p><p>Душанбе</p><p>тел.: +7992985177058</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Makhmadzhonov Dodarjon Makhmadzhonovich - Candidate of Medical Sciences, Associate Professor</p><p>Dushanbe</p><p>tel.: +992985177058</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dodarjon_1953@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0007-5081-2508</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Атоев</surname><given-names>И. К.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Atoev</surname><given-names>I. K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Атоев Илхом Камолович - кандидат медицинских наук, ассистент кафедры детской хирургии</p><p>Душанбе</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Atoev Ilkhom Kamolovich - Candidate of Medical Sciences, Assistant Professor</p><p>Dushanbe</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">atoev.med76@mail.ru.ilhom-76</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3534-9208</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шарипов</surname><given-names>А. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sharipov</surname><given-names>A. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Шарипов Асламхон Махмудович - доктор медицинских наук, заведующий кафедрой детской хирургии, ГОУ «Таджикский государственный медицинский университет им. Абуали ибни Сино»</p><p>Душанбе</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sharipov Aslamkhon Makhmudovich - Doctor of Medical Sciences, Head of the Department of Pediatric Surgery, State Educational Institution “Tajik State Medical University named after Abu Ali ibni Sino”</p><p>Dushanbe</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">aslam72@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0004-5766-1595</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бадалов</surname><given-names>Ш. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Badalov</surname><given-names>Sh. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Бадалов Шамсиддин Алиевич - кандидат медицинских наук, заведующий отделение детской хирургии ГУ «Республиканский научный клинический центр педиатрии и детской хирургии»; ассистент кафедры детской хирургии, ГОУ « Таджикский государственный медицинский университет им. Абуали ибни Сино»</p><p>Душанбе</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Badalov Shamsiddin Alievich - Candidate of Medical Sciences, Head of the Department of Pediatric Surgery, State Institution “Republican Scientific Clinical Center for Pediatrics and Pediatric Surgery”; Assistant of the Department of Pediatric Surgery, State Educational Institution “Tajik State Medical University named after Abu Ali ibni Sino”</p><p>Dushanbe</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">shamsiddin.1985@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Каримова</surname><given-names>М. К.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Karimova</surname><given-names>M. K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Душанбе</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dushanbe</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0003-8109-5696</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сатторов</surname><given-names>А. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sattorov</surname><given-names>A. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Сатторов Абдулмухсин Мирзоназарович – кандидат медиқинских наук, ассистент кафедры детской хирургии</p><p>Душанбе</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sattorov Abdulmukhsin Mirzonazarovich - Candidate of Medical Sciences</p><p>Dushanbe</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">daler99@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Кафедра детской хирургии, ГОУ «ТГМУ им. Абуали ибни Сино»</institution><country>Таджикистан</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Department of Pediatric Surgery, SEI Avicenna Tajik State Medical University</institution><country>Tajikistan</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Кафедра детской хирургии, ГОУ «ТГМУ им. Абуали ибни Сино»; ГУ «Республиканский научно-клинический центр педиатрии и детской хирургий»</institution><country>Таджикистан</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Department of Pediatric Surgery, SEI Avicenna Tajik State Medical University; SI Republican Scientific and Clinical Center for Pediatrics and Pediatric Surgery</institution><country>Tajikistan</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Кафедра детской хирургии, ГОУ «ТГМУ им. Абуали ибни Сино»</institution><country>Таджикистан</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Department of Pediatric Surgery, SEI Avicenna Tajik State Medical University; SI NMC of the Republic of Tajikistan “Shifobakhsh”</institution><country>Tajikistan</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>15</day><month>04</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>50</fpage><lpage>59</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Махмаджонов Д.М., Атоев И.К., Шарипов А.М., Бадалов Ш.А., Каримова М.К., Сатторов А.М., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Махмаджонов Д.М., Атоев И.К., Шарипов А.М., Бадалов Ш.А., Каримова М.К., Сатторов А.М.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Makhmadjonov D.M., Atoev I.K., Sharipov A.M., Badalov S.A., Karimova M.K., Sattorov A.M.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.zdrav.tj/jour/article/view/713">https://www.zdrav.tj/jour/article/view/713</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель: улучшение диагностики и методов хирургического лечения врождённого гидронефроза у детей.</p></sec><sec><title>Материал и методы</title><p>Материал и методы: проанализированы результаты хирургического лечения 165 пациентов с врождённым гидронефрозом. В структуре клинического материала мальчиков было 102, девочек 63. Возраст пациентов варьировал от 1 года до 15 лет. В зависимости от стадии заболевания больные были распределены на три группы: с гидронефрозом 1 степени — 20 детей, с гидронефрозом 2–3 степени — 120 детей, и 25 пациентов с гидронефрозом 3–4 степени. Всем больным проведено комплексное рентгенологическое обследование. У детей с гидронефрозом 1 степени оперативные вмешательства были направлены на устранение обструкции мочевых путей, вызванной спаечным процессом и вторичными камнями. Во второй группе пациентов с гидронефрозом 2–3 степени выполнялись реконструктивно-пластические операции по методике Хайнса–Андерсена–Кучера. При наличии аберрантного сосуда применялся предложенный авторами способ его перемещения с использованием лоскута лоханки. При так называемых гигантских гидронефрозах хирургическое лечение проводилось в два этапа: на первом этапе выполнялась нефростомия, на втором — реконструктивно-пластическая операция.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты: установлено, что в диагностике врождённого гидронефроза у детей применение ультразвукового исследования, допплерографии сосудов почки и КТ с контрастированием являются методом выбора. Тактика хирургической коррекции порока у детей должна быть индивидуальной и целенаправленной с учетом резервной возможности детского организма и сопутствующих пороков мочевыделительной системы.</p></sec><sec><title>Выводы</title><p>Выводы: результаты проведенного исследования показывают, что дети с врожденным гидронефрозом относятся к тяжелому контингенту, требующие своевременную диагностику и оперативную коррекцию порока, чтобы предотвратить органоуносящие операции. Оперативное лечение гидронефроза целесообразно провести в течение первого года жизни ребенка, но не раньше 4-6 месяцев после рождения ребенка.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Objective</title><p>Objective: to improve diagnostic evaluation and surgical management of congenital hydronephrosis in children.</p></sec><sec><title>Material and methods</title><p>Material and methods: the results of surgical treatment in 165 patients with congenital hydronephrosis were analyzed. The cohort comprised 102 boys and 63 girls aged 1 to 15 years. Depending on disease stage, the patients were divided into three groups: 20 children with grade I hydronephrosis, 120 with grade II–III hydronephrosis, and 25 with grade III–IV hydronephrosis. All patients underwent comprehensive radiographic evaluation. In children with grade I hydronephrosis, surgery was aimed at relieving urinary tract obstruction caused by adhesions and secondary calculi. In the second group, comprising children with grade II–III hydronephrosis, reconstructive surgery was performed using the Anderson–Hynes pyeloplasty technique; in cases with an aberrant vessel, vascular transposition with pelvic flap reconstruction was used. In patients with so called giant hydronephrosis, surgery was performed in two stages: nephrostomy as the first stage, followed by reconstructive surgery as the second stage.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results: the study showed that, in children with congenital hydronephrosis, ultrasonography, Doppler assessment of the renal vessels, and contrast-enhanced CT are the imaging modalities of choice for diagnosis. Surgical correction should be individualized and targeted, taking into account the child’s physiological reserve and associated urinary tract anomalies.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion: the findings indicate that congenital hydronephrosis in children is a serious condition requiring timely diagnosis and surgical correction in order to avoid organ-removing procedures. Surgical treatment is advisable during the first year of life, but not earlier than 4–6 months after birth.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>больные дети</kwd><kwd>врожденный гидронефроз</kwd><kwd>хронический пиелонефрит</kwd><kwd>неопиелоанастомоз</kwd><kwd>нефростома</kwd><kwd>аберрантный сосуд</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>children</kwd><kwd>congenital</kwd><kwd>pyeloplasty</kwd><kwd>nephrostomy</kwd><kwd>aberrant vessel</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Коварский С.Л., Врублевский С.Г., Аль-машат Н.А., Захаров А.И., Шмыров О.С. Первый опыт лапароскопической пиелопластики у детей с гидронефрозом. Российский вестник детской хирургии, анестезиологии и реаниматологии. 2011;(2):102-106.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kovarsky S.L., Vrublevsky S.G., Al-mashat N.A., Zakharov A.I., Shmyrov O.S. 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