thealthЗдравоохранение ТаджикистанаHealth care of Tajikistan0514-2415Редакция журнала «Здравоохранение Таджикистана»10.52888/0514-2515-2026-368-1-135-145thealth-722Research ArticleОБЗОР ЛИТЕРАТУРЫREVIEWХирургическое лечение аденом гипофизаSurgical treatment of pituitary adenomashttps://orcid.org/0009-0008-0196-5134РахмоновУ. Х.RakhmonovU. Kh.

Рахмонов Умед Хуршедович – соискатель кафедры нейрохирургии и сочетанной травмы

Душанбе

тел.: +992500000024

Rakhmonov Umed Khurshedovich – applicant of the Department of Neurosurgery and Combined Trauma

Dushanbe

tel.: +992500000024

ahmonovumedjon.0024@icloud.comБердиевР. Н.BerdievR. N.

Бердиев Рустам Намозович – д.м.н., профессор, заведующий кафедрой нейрохирургии и сочетанной травмы

Душанбе

Berdiev Rustam Namozovich – Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor, Head of the Department of Neurosurgery and Combined Trauma

Dushanbe

rnamozzoda@mail.ruКафедра нейрохирургии и сочетанной травмы, ГОУ «Таджикский государственный медицинский университет им. Абуали ибни Сино»ТаджикистанDepartment of Neurosurgery and Combined Trauma, SEI Avicenna Tajik State Medical UniversityTajikistan20261504202601135145Copyright © Рахмонов У.Х., Бердиев Р.Н., 20262026Рахмонов У.Х., Бердиев Р.Н.Rakhmonov U.K., Berdiev R.N.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.zdrav.tj/jour/article/view/722

Диагноз «аденома гипофиза» в рамках классификации ВОЗ опухолей эндокринной системы устанавливают на основе совокупности клинических проявлений, данных нейровизуализации (прежде всего МРТ) и результатов гистологического исследования с иммуногистохимией. С 2004 года опухоли гипофиза официально отнесены к новообразованиям эндокринной системы, при этом введено разделение на аденомы и карциномы. К последним относят случаи, когда исходное новообразование гипофиза сопровождается появлением отдалённых метастазов в краниальных, спинальных или других областях. Ранее среди аденом выделяли типичные и атипичные формы: атипичная аденома диагностировалась при наличии инфильтративного роста, выраженной клеточной атипии и увеличении индекса пролиферации Кi-67 свыше 3% при отсутствии метастазирования. Однако с 2017 года международная классификация опухолей гипофиза больше не содержит понятия атипичной аденомы, что позволило упростить систему терминов и сосредоточить внимание на морфологических и клинико-радиологических характеристиках для постановки диагноза.

The diagnosis of “pituitary adenoma” within the WHO Classification of Endocrine System Tumors is established based on a combination of clinical manifestations, neuroimaging findings (primarily MRI), and histopathological examination with immunohistochemistry. Since 2004, pituitary tumors have been officially classified as endocrine neoplasms, with a distinction introduced between adenomas and carcinomas. The latter designation applies to cases in which the primary pituitary neoplasm is accompanied by distant metastases in cranial, spinal, or other sites. Previously, adenomas were subdivided into typical and atypical forms: an atypical adenoma was diagnosed in the presence of invasive growth, marked cellular atypia, and a Ki-67 proliferation index exceeding 3%, in the absence of metastasis. However, since the 2017 revision, the international classification of pituitary tumors no longer includes the concept of atypical adenoma, thereby simplifying the terminology and shifting the focus toward morphological and clinico-radiological characteristics for diagnostic purposes.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.