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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">thealth</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Здравоохранение Таджикистана</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Health care of Tajikistan</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0514-2415</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Редакция журнала «Здравоохранение Таджикистана»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.52888/0514-2515-2026-369-2-115-124</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">thealth-746</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Особенности морфологического строения десны в проекции дентального имплантата после аутопластики</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Features of the morphological structure of the gingiva in the projection of dental implants after autoplasty</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0001-1426-2568</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чеканова</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Chekanova</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Чеканова Анастасия Александровна - к.м.н., ассистент кафедры</p><p>г. Екатеринбург </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Chekanova Anastasia Alexandrovna</p><p>Ekaterinburg </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">niko1aewa@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0007-0568-7293</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Олимов</surname><given-names>А. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Olimov</surname><given-names>A. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Олимов Акбаршо Махмадшоевич. - к.м.н., доцент кафедры</p><p>тел.: +992918706320</p><p>г. Душанбе </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Olimov Akbarsho Mahmadshoevich</p><p>tel.: +992918706320</p><p>Dushanbe </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">akbarsho_olimov@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8693-3482</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сельский</surname><given-names>Н. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Selskiy</surname><given-names>N. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Сельский Натан Евсеевич - д.м.н., профессор, профессор кафедры ортопедической стоматологии и ЧЛХ с курсами ИДППО  </p><p>г. Уфа </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Selskiy Nathan Evseevich</p><p>Ufa </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">natan-s@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1237-9284</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мусина</surname><given-names>Л. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Musina</surname><given-names>L. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мусина Ляля Ахияровна - д.б.н., ведущий научный сотрудник отдела морфологии ВЦГПХ</p><p>г. Уфа </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Musina Lyalya Akhiyarovnya</p><p>Ekaterinburg </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">morphoplant@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0992-7972</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шимова</surname><given-names>М. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shimova</surname><given-names>M. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Шимова Маргарита Ефимовна - к.м.н., доцент  </p><p>г. Екатеринбург </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Shimova Margarita Efimovna</p><p>Ekaterinburg </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mschimova@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2789-1459</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рахмонзода</surname><given-names>Х. Дж.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Rakhmonzoda</surname><given-names>Kh. J.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Рахмонзода Хуршед Джамшед. - д.м.н., профессор, директор ГУ НМЦ «Шифобахш»</p><p>г. Душанбе</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Rahmonzoda Khurshed Jamshed – Professor, Director National Medical Center «Shifobakhsh»</p><p>Dushanbe </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">rahmonov.khurshed0808@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Уральский государственный медицинский университет, кафедра хирургической стоматологии, оториноларингологии и челюстно-лицевой хирургии</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Department of Surgical Dentistry, Otorhinolaryngology and Maxillofacial Surgery, Ural State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГОУ «ТГМУ имени Абуали ибни Сино», кафедра челюстно-лицевой хирургии</institution><country>Таджикистан</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, SEI Avicenna Tajik State Medical University</institution><country>Tajikistan</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Башкирский государственный медицинский университет, отдел морфологии ВЦГПХ</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Bashkir State Medical University, Department of Morphology of All-Russian Center for Eye and Plastic Surgery</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГОУ «ТГМУ имени Абуали ибни Сино», кафедра нейрохирургии и сочетенной травмы</institution><country>Таджикистан</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Department of Neurosurgery and Combined Trauma SEI Avicenna Tajik State Medical University</institution><country>Tajikistan</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>02</day><month>07</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>115</fpage><lpage>124</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Чеканова А.А., Олимов А.М., Сельский Н.Е., Мусина Л.А., Шимова М.Е., Рахмонзода Х.Д., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Чеканова А.А., Олимов А.М., Сельский Н.Е., Мусина Л.А., Шимова М.Е., Рахмонзода Х.Д.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Chekanova A.A., Olimov A.M., Selskiy N.E., Musina L.A., Shimova M.E., Rakhmonzoda K.J.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.zdrav.tj/jour/article/view/746">https://www.zdrav.tj/jour/article/view/746</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель: анализ морфологических изменений в десневой ткани после проведения аутопластики в зоне расположения дентальных имплантатов.</p></sec><sec><title>Материал и методы</title><p>Материал и методы: проведено проспективное исследование с патоморфологическим анализом биоптатов слизистой оболочки десны у 50 пациентов (22 мужчины, 28 женщин; возраст 37-64 года), получавших стоматологическое лечение с декабря 2020 по июнь 2023 года. Пациенты рандомизированы в две группы: контрольная группа (n=22) - лечение методом апикального смещения расщепленного слизистого лоскута; основная группа (n=28) - комбинированная методика с использованием свободного десневого трансплантата из области бугра верхней челюсти. Морфологическое исследование проводилось с использованием микроскопа Leica DMD 108. Статистический анализ выполнен в программе Statistica 10.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты: морфологический анализ выявил четко дифференцированную структуру сосочкового и сетчатого слоев десны. Для «толстого» биотипа характерна толщина десны 1,5-2,0 мм. В контрольной группе через 6 месяцев толщина периимплантатных тканей снизилась до 0,9 [0,7; 1,1] мм против 1,4 [1,2; 1,6] мм в основной группе (p&lt;0,001). Частота мукозита составила 68,2% в контрольной против 28,6% в основной группе (p=0,006). Выявлена сильная отрицательная корреляция между толщиной десны и частотой воспалительных осложнений (rs=-0,72; p&lt;0,001).</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение: недостаточная ширина десневого компонента создает предпосылки для снижения защитного барьера подлежащих тканей. Использование аутотрансплантатов позволяет сохранить толщину десны на уровне «среднего» биотипа и снизить частоту воспалительных осложнений в 2,4 раза.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Objective</title><p>Objective: To analyze morphological changes in gingival tissue following autoplasty in the area of dental implants.</p></sec><sec><title>Material and Methods</title><p>Material and Methods: A prospective study with histopathological analysis of gingival mucosa biopsies was conducted in 50 patients (22 men, 28 women; age 37-64 years) who received dental treatment from December 2020 to June 2023. Patients were randomized into two groups: control group (n=22) received treatment with apically repositioned split-thickness mucosal flap; test group (n=28) underwent a combined approach using free gingival graft from the maxillary tuberosity area. Morphological examination was performed using a Leica DMD 108 microscope. Statistical analysis was performed using Statistica 10.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results: Morphological analysis showed a well-differentiated structure of papillary and reticular layers of the gingiva. The “thick” biotype is characterized by gingival thickness of 1.5-2.0 mm. In the control group after 6 months, peri-implant tissue thickness decreased to 0.9 [0.7; 1.1] mm versus 1.4 [1.2; 1.6] mm in the main group (p&lt;0.001). Mucositis frequency was 68.2% in the control versus 28.6% in the test group (p=0.006). A strong negative correlation was found between gingival thickness and inflammatory complications frequency (rs=-0.72; p&lt;0.001).</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>Conclusions: Insufficient width of the gingival component compromises the protective barrier of underlying tissues. The use of autografts allows for the maintenance of gingival thickness at “medium” biotype level and reduces the incidence of inflammatory complications by a factor of 2.4.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>дентальная имплантация</kwd><kwd>биотип десны</kwd><kwd>аутопластика</kwd><kwd>периимплантит</kwd><kwd>мукозит</kwd><kwd>гистология</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>dental implantation</kwd><kwd>gingival biotype</kwd><kwd>autoplasty</kwd><kwd>peri-implantitis</kwd><kwd>mucositis</kwd><kwd>histology</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Берсегян Л.А., Суханова Е.В., Рунова Г.С. Периимплантатные осложнения: этиология, патогенез, лечение. Стоматология. 2018;97(4):56-62.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bersegyan L.A., Sukhanova E.V., Runova G.S. Peri-implant complications: etiology, pathogenesis, treatment. 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