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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">thealth</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Здравоохранение Таджикистана</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Health care of Tajikistan</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0514-2415</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Редакция журнала «Здравоохранение Таджикистана»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.52888/0514-2515-2026-370-3-31-40</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">thealth-765</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Эпидемиология мочекаменной болезни в Республике Таджикистан по данным Global Burden of Disease 2021</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Epidemiology of urolithiasis in the Republic of Tajikistan according to Global Burden of Disease 2021 data</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0002-2952-8231</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мухсинзода</surname><given-names>М. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Muhsinzoda</surname><given-names>M. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мухсинзода Мазбут Мухсин – кандидат медицинских наук, соискатель</p><p>тел.: +992927162001</p><p>Душанбе</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Muhsinzoda Mazbut Muhsin – Candidate of Medical Sciences, Applicant</p><p>Dushanbe</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mazbut-2305@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0058-7633</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Абдуллозода</surname><given-names>С. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Abdullozoda</surname><given-names>S. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Абдуллозода Саид Муртазо - доктор медицинских наук, доцент, профессор кафедры эпидемиологии имени профессора Х.К. Рафиева</p><p>Author ID: 991827</p><p>Душанбе</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Abdullozoda Said Murtazo – Doctor of Medical Sciences, Associate Professor, Professor of the Department of Epidemiology named after Professor H.K. Rafiev</p><p>Dushanbe</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">saidxoja@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0001-0002-5254</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Умарова</surname><given-names>З. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Umarova</surname><given-names>Z. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Умарова Замира Ахмедовна - ассистент кафедры эпидемиологии имени профессора Х.К. Рафиева</p><p>Author ID: 1211344</p><p>Душанбе</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Umarova Zamira Akhmedovna – Assistant lecturer, Department of Epidemiology named after Professor H.K. Rafiev</p><p>Author ID: 1211344</p><p>Dushanbe</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">zamira.umarova2@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГУ «Таджикский научно-исследовательский институт профилактической медицины»</institution><country>Таджикистан</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Government agency “Tajik scientific research institute of preventive medicine”</institution><country>Tajikistan</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГОУ «Таджикский государственный медицинский университет имени Абуали ибни Сино»</institution><country>Таджикистан</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>SEI Avicenna Tajik State Medical University</institution><country>Tajikistan</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>08</day><month>10</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>31</fpage><lpage>40</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Мухсинзода М.М., Абдуллозода С.М., Умарова З.А., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Мухсинзода М.М., Абдуллозода С.М., Умарова З.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Muhsinzoda M.M., Abdullozoda S.M., Umarova Z.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.zdrav.tj/jour/article/view/765">https://www.zdrav.tj/jour/article/view/765</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель: оценить эпидемиологическую динамику мочекаменной болезни в Республике Таджикистан за 1990–2021 гг. по данным GBD 2021.</p></sec><sec><title>Методы и материал</title><p>Методы и материал : проведён ретроспективный описательно-аналитический анализ открытой базы Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation по причине «Urolithiasis» с расчётом стандартизованных показателей распространённости, заболеваемости, DALY, YLD, YLL, половозрастных различий, региональных сравнений и факторов риска.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты: стандартизованная распространённость выросла с 1 205,3 до 1 596,4 на 100 000 населения (+32,4%; CAGR +0,87%/год), заболеваемость - с 389,2 до 483,7 на 100 000 (+24,3%). Абсолютное число случаев увеличилось с 499,8 тыс. до 943,1 тыс. (+88,7%). При росте распространённости суммарный показатель DALY снизился с 58,4 до 44,8 на 100 000 (−23,3%) за счёт сокращения смертностного компонента. Наибольшая нагрузка пришлась на возраст 35–64 года. Таджикистан превышал глобальный уровень распространённости на 25,6% и занимал 4-е место среди стран Центральной Азии. Ведущими факторами риска определены дегидратация и жаркий климат, ожирение, сахарный диабет 2-го типа, артериальная гипертензия и высокое потребление натрия.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение: мочекаменная болезнь формирует устойчиво растущую эпидемиологическую нагрузку, требующая регионально адаптированной профилактики, контроля питьевого режима, метаболического скрининга и ежегодного мониторинга урологической заболеваемости.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Objective</title><p>Objective: To assess the epidemiological trends of urolithiasis in the Republic of Tajikistan from 1990 to 2021 using data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021 study.</p></sec><sec><title>Material and methods</title><p>Material and methods: A retrospective descriptive and analytical study was conducted using the open-access database of the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME) for “Urolithiasis.” Age-standardized prevalence, incidence, DALY, YLD, and YLL rates were analyzed, along with sex- and age-specific differences, regional comparisons, and associated risk factors.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results: The age-standardized prevalence increased from 1,205.3 to 1,596.4 per 100,000 population (+32.4%; CAGR +0.87% per year), while the incidence rate rose from 389.2 to 483.7 per 100,000 population (+24.3%). The absolute number of cases increased from 499.8 thousand to 943.1 thousand (+88.7%). Despite the rise in prevalence, the overall DALY rate decreased from 58.4 to 44.8 per 100,000 population (−23.3%), primarily due to a reduction in the mortality component of disease burden. The highest burden was observed among individuals aged 35–64 years. Tajikistan exceeded the global prevalence rate by 25.6% and ranked fourth among the countries of Central Asia. The leading risk factors identified were dehydration and hot climate, obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, arterial hypertension, and high sodium intake.</p></sec><sec><title> Conclusion</title><p> Conclusion: Urolithiasis constitutes a steadily increasing epidemiological burden in Tajikistan, necessitating region-specific preventive strategies, promotion of adequate hydration, metabolic screening, and annual monitoring of urological morbidity.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>мочекаменная болезнь</kwd><kwd>уролитиаз</kwd><kwd>GBD 2021</kwd><kwd>эпидемиология</kwd><kwd>DALY</kwd><kwd>факторы риска</kwd><kwd>Центральная Азия</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>urolithiasis</kwd><kwd>urinary stone disease</kwd><kwd>GBD 2021</kwd><kwd>epidemiology</kwd><kwd>DALYs</kwd><kwd>risk factors</kwd><kwd>Central Asia</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Romero V., Akpinar H., Assimos D. 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