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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">thealth</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Здравоохранение Таджикистана</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Health care of Tajikistan</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0514-2415</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Редакция журнала «Здравоохранение Таджикистана»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.52888/0514-2515-2026-370-3-50-61</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">thealth-767</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>От государственной стратегии к клинической практике: региональные различия во внедрении национального клинического протокола по сахарному диабету 2 типа в системе первичной медико-санитарной помощи Республики Таджикистан</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>From national policy to clinical practice: regional differences in the implementation of the national clinical protocol for type 2 diabetes mellitus in primary health care in the Republic of Tajikistan</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8312-5815</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пирматова</surname><given-names>М. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pirmatova</surname><given-names>M. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Пирматова Махина Абдурахимовна - кандидат медицинских наук, доцент кафедры эндокринологии</p><p>Author ID: 1093368</p><p>Душанбе</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Pirmatova Makhina Abdurakhimovna - Candidate of Medical Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Endocrinology</p><p>Author ID: 1093368</p><p>Dushanbe</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">diabet_rda@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4540-7395</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Иноятова</surname><given-names>Н. Ф.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Inoyatova</surname><given-names>N. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Иноятова Нигина Азизовна - кандидат медицинских наук, доцент кафедры эндокринологии</p><p>Author ID: 919251</p><p>Душанбе</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Inoyatova Nigina Azizovna - Candidate of Medical Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Endocrinology</p><p>Author ID: 919251</p><p>Dushanbe</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">diabet_rda@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Кафедра эндокринологии, ГОУ «Таджикский государственный медицинский университет имени Абуали ибни Сино»</institution><country>Таджикистан</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>SEI Avicenna Tajik State Medical University, Department of Endocrinology</institution><country>Tajikistan</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>08</day><month>10</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>50</fpage><lpage>61</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Пирматова М.А., Иноятова Н.Ф., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Пирматова М.А., Иноятова Н.Ф.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Pirmatova M.A., Inoyatova N.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.zdrav.tj/jour/article/view/767">https://www.zdrav.tj/jour/article/view/767</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель: оценить степень внедрения национального клинического протокола «Ранняя диагностика и ведение пациентов с сахарным диабетом 2 типа для семейных врачей»</p></sec><sec><title>Материал и методы</title><p>Материал и методы: проведено наблюдательное многоцентровое одномоментное исследование, направленное на оценку применения национального клинического протокола в учреждениях ПМСП. Анализ выполнен по данным деперсонифицированной медицинской документации пациентов с сахарным диабетом 2 типа, структурированного опроса медицинских работников и агрегированных показателей цифровой системы мониторинга DHIS2. Исследование проведено в 16 административных районах четырёх регионов Республики Таджикистан и охватило население численностью 3 436 952 человека. Для оценки выполнения протокола использованы 30 диагностических, лечебных и организационных индикаторов. Основной единицей анализа по клиническим пказателям являлась амбулаторная карта пациента с СД2; по организационным показателям — учреждение ПМСП или район с последующим обобщением на региональном уровне. Отдельный аудит медицинской документации включал 574 амбулаторных карт пациентов с СД2: 102 — из Согдийской области, 154 — из Хатлонской области, 265 — из РРП и 53 — из ГБАО. Показатели представлены в виде абсолютных чисел и долей (%), с учётом различий в объёме данных по регионам.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты: в период мониторинга зарегистрированное число пациентов с сахарным диабетом 2 типа увеличилось с 75 781 до 89 729, а показатель зарегистрированной распространённости — с 735,7 до 879,8 на 100 000 населения. Эта динамика может отражать усиление выявления и регистрации пациентов на уровне ПМСП, однако дизайн исследования не позволяет трактовать её как доказательство причинного эффекта внедрения протокола. Выявлены выраженные региональные различия в степени соблюдения протокольных рекомендаций. Наиболее высокий уровень соответствия отмечен в Согдийской области (93,14%), умеренный — в Хатлонской области (74,03%), тогда как в районах республиканского подчинения (18,49%) и Горно-Бадахшанской автономной области показатели были существенно ниже. Во всех регионах зарегистрирован крайне низкий охват определением HbA1c, а также недостаточная частота антропометрических измерений и мониторинга осложнений.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение: несмотря на наличие утверждённого национального клинического протокола по сахарному диабету 2 типа, его практическое применение в системе первичной медико-санитарной помощи Республики Таджикистан остаётся неодинаковым в разных регионах. Наиболее уязвимыми звеньями остаются доступность HbA1c, полнота антропометрических измерений, документирование осложнений и регулярность наблюдения пациентов. Для улучшения ситуации необходимы повышение доступности базовых диагностических исследований, обучение медицинских работников, укрепление доврачебного звена и дальнейшее использование цифрового мониторинга для контроля качества помощи.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Objective</title><p>Objective: To assess the degree of implementation of the national clinical protocol “Early diagnosis and management of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) for family physicians”.</p></sec><sec><title>Material and methods</title><p>Material and methods: An observational multicenter cross-sectional study was conducted to assess the practical use of the national clinical protocol in primary health care facilities. The analysis was based on depersonalized medical records of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, a structured survey of primary health care workers, and aggregated data from the DHIS2 digital monitoring system. The study was conducted in 16 administrative districts across four regions of Tajikistan and covered a population of 3,436,952. Thirty diagnostic, therapeutic, and organizational indicators were used to assess protocol adherence. For clinical indicators, the primary unit of analysis was the outpatient medical record of a patient with T2DM; for organizational indicators, the unit of analysis was the primary health care (PHC) facility or district with subsequent regional summary. A separate medical record audit included 574 outpatient records of patients with T2DM: 102 from Sughd Region, 154 from Khatlon Region, 265 from the Districts of Republican Subordination, and 53 from GBAO.</p><p>Results are presented mainly as absolute numbers and percentages, considering differences in the volume of data across regions. Results: During the monitoring period, the registered number of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus increased from 75,781 to 89,729, while registered prevalence increased from 735.7 to 879.8 per 100,000 population. This trend may reflect strengthened detection and registration at the primary health care level; however, the cross-sectional design does not allow causal inference regarding the effect of protocol implementation. Marked regional differences in adherence to protocol recommendations were identified. The highest level of compliance was observed in the Sughd Region (93.14%), a moderate level in the Khatlon Region (74.03%), whereas substantially lower rates were recorded in the Districts of Republican Subordination (18.49%) and the Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Region. In all regions, there is a low level of coverage of HbA1c testing, as well as insufficient anthropometric measurements and monitoring of complications.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion: Despite the formal adoption of the national clinical protocol for type 2 diabetes mellitus, its practical implementation in the primary health care system of Tajikistan remains heterogeneous and largely depends on regional organizational and resource-related factors. Improving the effectiveness of guideline implementation requires expanding access to essential diagnostic tests, strengthening systematic training of medical personnel, enhancing digital monitoring of health care quality, and addressing regional disparities in resource provision.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>сахарный диабет 2 типа</kwd><kwd>первичная медико-санитарная помощь</kwd><kwd>клинический протокол</kwd><kwd>внедрение клинических рекомендаций</kwd><kwd>качество медицинской помощи</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>type 2 diabetes mellitus</kwd><kwd>primary health care</kwd><kwd>clinical protocol</kwd><kwd>guideline implementation</kwd><kwd>quality of health care</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">International Diabetes Federation. IDF Diabetes Atlas. 11th ed. 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