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<article article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">thealth</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Здравоохранение Таджикистана</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Health care of Tajikistan</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0514-2415</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Редакция журнала «Здравоохранение Таджикистана»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.52888/0514-2515-2026-370-3-188-197</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">thealth-782</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEW ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Качество жизни пациентов со свищами прямой кишки</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Quality of life in patients with rectal fistulas</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2100-310X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мухаббатов</surname><given-names>Дж. К.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mukhabbatov</surname><given-names>J. K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мухаббатов Джиёнхон Курбонович - д.м.н., профессор кафедры общей хирургии №1 им. А.Н. Каххорова</p><p>Душанбе</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Mukhabbatov Jiyonkhon Kurbonovich – Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor of the Department of General Surgery No. 1 named after Professor A.N. Kakhkharov</p><p>Dushanbe</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Mukhabbatov67@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3766-1075</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Давлатов</surname><given-names>Дж. Дж.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Davlatov</surname><given-names>J. J.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Давлатов Джамшед Джурахонович - к.м.н., докторант, ассистент кафедры общей хирургии №1 им. профессора А.Н. Каххарова</p><p>Душанбе</p><p>тел.: +992988877772</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Davlatov Jamshed Jurakhonovich – Candidate of Medical Sciences (PhD), Assistant of the Department of General Surgery No. 1 named after Professor A.N. Kakhkharov</p><p>Dushanbe</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">d.jamshed.90@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0007-6098-1823</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хусейнова</surname><given-names>Л. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Khuseinova</surname><given-names>L. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Хусейнова Лола Носировна - докторант PhD кафедры кололопроктолгии</p><p>Душанбе</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Khuseinova Lola Nosirovna – PhD Doctoral Student, Department of Coloproctology</p><p>Dushanbe</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">husejnovalola5@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0001-8136-5962</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Расулова</surname><given-names>С. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Rasulova</surname><given-names>S. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Расулова Силсила Искандаровна - к.м.н., докторант соискатель кафедры патологической физиологии</p><p>Душанбе</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Rasulova Silsila Iskandarovna – Candidate of Medical Sciences (PhD), Doctoral Applicant, Department of Pathophysiology</p><p>Dushanbe</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">rasila1988@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Кафедры общей хирургии №1 им. профессора А.Н. Каххарова, ГОУ «Таджикский государственный медицинский университет имени Абуали ибни Сино»; Кафедры кололопроктолгии, ГОУ «Институт последипломного образования в сфере здравоохранения Республики Таджикистан»</institution><country>Таджикистан</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Department of General Surgery No. 1 named after Professor A.N. Kakhkharov, SEI Avicenna Tajik State Medical University; Department of Coloproctology, SEI Institute of Postgraduate Education in Health Care of the Republic of Tajikistan</institution><country>Tajikistan</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Кафедры общей хирургии №1 им. профессора А.Н. Каххарова, ГОУ «Таджикский государственный медицинский университет имени Абуали ибни Сино»</institution><country>Таджикистан</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Department of General Surgery No. 1 named after Professor A.N. Kakhkharov, SEI Avicenna Tajik State Medical University</institution><country>Tajikistan</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Кафедры кололопроктолгии, ГОУ «Институт последипломного образования в сфере здравоохранения Республики Таджикистан»</institution><country>Таджикистан</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Department of Coloproctology, SEI Institute of Postgraduate Education in Health Care of the Republic of Tajikistan</institution><country>Tajikistan</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Кафедры патологической физиологии, ГОУ «Таджикский государственный медицинский университет им. Абуали ибни Сино»</institution><country>Таджикистан</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Department of Pathophysiology, SEI Avicenna Tajik State Medical University</institution><country>Tajikistan</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>08</day><month>10</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>188</fpage><lpage>197</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Мухаббатов Д.К., Давлатов Д.Д., Хусейнова Л.Н., Расулова С.И., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Мухаббатов Д.К., Давлатов Д.Д., Хусейнова Л.Н., Расулова С.И.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Mukhabbatov J.K., Davlatov J.J., Khuseinova L.N., Rasulova S.I.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.zdrav.tj/jour/article/view/782">https://www.zdrav.tj/jour/article/view/782</self-uri><abstract><p>Хронические свищи прямой кишки оказывают комплексное негативное влияние на качество жизни пациентов, сопоставимое с тяжёлыми хроническими заболеваниями. У большинства больных (70–90%), особенно со сложными формами, отмечается значительное снижение физического, психоэмоционального, социального и профессионального благополучия. Ключевыми факторами ухудшения являются боль, выделения, риск недержания, тревожно-депрессивные расстройства и социальная дезадаптация. Для объективной оценки используются как универсальные шкалы (SF-36, EQ-5D), так и специализированные опросники (FIQL, CAF-QoL, QoLAF-Q). Существенное влияние на исходы лечения оказывают анатомические особенности свища, функциональные нарушения и сопутствующие заболевания (сахарный диабет, ожирение, болезнь Крона). Применение малоинвазивных и сфинктеросохраняющих методик (LIFT, FiLaC, VAAFT) улучшает показатели качества жизни за счёт снижения боли, осложнений и риска инконтиненции, однако остаются нерешёнными проблемы рецидивов и высокой стоимости вмешательств. Качество жизни должно рассматриваться как ключевой критерий эффективности хирургического лечения параректальных свищей, а индивидуализированный выбор тактики позволяет достичь оптимального клинического и социального результата.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Chronic rectal fistulas have a complex negative impact on patients’ quality of life, comparable to that of severe chronic diseases. In the majority of cases (70–90%), particularly with complex fistulas, there is a significant decline in physical, psycho-emotional, social, and professional well-being. The key factors contributing to this deterioration of the condition include pain, discharge, risk of incontinence, anxiety-depressive disorders, and social maladaptation. For objective assessment, both general scales (SF-36, EQ-5D) and disease-specific questionnaires (FIQL, CAF-QoL, QoLAF-Q) are applied. Treatment outcomes are significantly influenced by the anatomical characteristics of the fistula, functional disorders, and comorbidities such as diabetes mellitus, obesity, and Crohn’s disease. The use of minimally invasive and sphincter-preserving techniques (LIFT, FiLaC, VAAFT) improves quality-of-life indicators by reducing pain, complications, and the risk of incontinence; however, the issues of recurrence and high treatment costs remain unresolved. Quality of life should be regarded as a key criterion for evaluating the effectiveness of surgical treatment of perianal fistulas, while an individualized approach makes it possible to achieve optimal clinical and social outcomes.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>параректальный свищ</kwd><kwd>осложнения</kwd><kwd>анальное недержание</kwd><kwd>качество жизни</kwd><kwd>психоэмоциональные нарушения</kwd><kwd>хирургическое лечение</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>perianal fistula</kwd><kwd>complications</kwd><kwd>fecal incontinence</kwd><kwd>quality of life</kwd><kwd>psycho-emotional disorders</kwd><kwd>surgical treatment</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Гришин К.Н., Мустафин Д.Г. Хирургическое лечение экстрасфинктерных свищей прямой кишки. 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