Toxic effects of nasal decongestants in children: clinical and statistical analysis

Abstract

Objective: To study the clinical features and risk factors of severe nasal decongestant intoxication in children.

Material and Methods: Between 2020 and 2024, 59 children, aged from birth to 14 year, with decongestant intoxication were examined. Most patients (62.3%) were under the age of 3; 64.4% were girls; and 52.5% lived in rural areas. Methods included clinical, laboratory, and instrumental analysis of patients’ conditions, as well as binary logistic regression to identify risk factors for severe intoxication.

Results: Young children predominated (χ²=17.84; p<0.001); girls were hospitalized more often than boys (χ²=4.92; p=0.026). The most significant risk factor was the use of concentrated forms of the medication (p=0.044). Severe forms of intoxication were recorded in 67.8% of children, which statistically exceeded moderate forms (χ²=7.47; p=0.006). Logistic regression showed that age under 3 years (OR=3.12; 95% CI: 1.41–6.89) and the use of concentrated forms (OR=2.48; 95% CI: 1.08–5.71) were associated with severe intoxication.

Conclusions: To minimize the risks, it is necessary to strictly follow the recommended dosages and dosing intervals of nasal decongestants. Pediatricians should inform parents about possible side effects and precautions.