Results of a situational analysis of the prevalence of congenital craniofacial anomalies and probable risk factors in the paediatric population

Objective: to conduct a situational analysis of the prevalence of congenital cleft lip and palate and associated risk factors in the pediatric population.

Material and methods: a total of 922 birth and treatment records of children with congenital cleft lip and palate in Dushanbe and the districts of republican subordination were analyzed. The study was based on a retrospective review of archival records from maxillofacial surgery departments and maternity facilities from 2015 to 2024. For the purpose of scientific analysis, a custom-designed outpatient medical record form was employed, which had been specifically developed for children with congenital craniofacial anomalies. This form included a comprehensive set of potential risk factors. Quantitative analysis was carried out using a computerized data processing system.

Results: the study revealed that there were more male than female patients among children with congenital cleft lip and palate. Children with clefts were found to be more likely to be born prematurely than healthy children. Furthermore, the mothers of children with cleft lip and palate experienced a higher frequency of exacerbations of chronic diseases during pregnancy.

Conclusion: the analysis indicates a higher rate of gynecological morbidity among mothers of children with cleft lip and palate than in the control group. These mothers’ medical histories also showed a twofold increase in induced abortions compared to mothers of healthy children.

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