Features of the morphological structure of the gingiva in the projection of dental implants after autoplasty
https://doi.org/10.52888/0514-2515-2026-369-2-115-124
Abstract
Objective: To analyze morphological changes in gingival tissue following autoplasty in the area of dental implants.
Material and Methods: A prospective study with histopathological analysis of gingival mucosa biopsies was conducted in 50 patients (22 men, 28 women; age 37-64 years) who received dental treatment from December 2020 to June 2023. Patients were randomized into two groups: control group (n=22) received treatment with apically repositioned split-thickness mucosal flap; test group (n=28) underwent a combined approach using free gingival graft from the maxillary tuberosity area. Morphological examination was performed using a Leica DMD 108 microscope. Statistical analysis was performed using Statistica 10.
Results: Morphological analysis showed a well-differentiated structure of papillary and reticular layers of the gingiva. The “thick” biotype is characterized by gingival thickness of 1.5-2.0 mm. In the control group after 6 months, peri-implant tissue thickness decreased to 0.9 [0.7; 1.1] mm versus 1.4 [1.2; 1.6] mm in the main group (p<0.001). Mucositis frequency was 68.2% in the control versus 28.6% in the test group (p=0.006). A strong negative correlation was found between gingival thickness and inflammatory complications frequency (rs=-0.72; p<0.001).
Conclusions: Insufficient width of the gingival component compromises the protective barrier of underlying tissues. The use of autografts allows for the maintenance of gingival thickness at “medium” biotype level and reduces the incidence of inflammatory complications by a factor of 2.4.
About the Authors
A. A. Chekanova
Department of Surgical Dentistry, Otorhinolaryngology and Maxillofacial Surgery, Ural State Medical University
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Chekanova Anastasia Alexandrovna
Ekaterinburg
A. M. Olimov
Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, SEI Avicenna Tajik State Medical University
Tajikistan
Tajikistan
Olimov Akbarsho Mahmadshoevich
tel.: +992918706320
Dushanbe
N. E. Selskiy
Bashkir State Medical University, Department of Morphology of All-Russian Center for Eye and Plastic Surgery
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Selskiy Nathan Evseevich
Ufa
L. A. Musina
Bashkir State Medical University, Department of Morphology of All-Russian Center for Eye and Plastic Surgery
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Musina Lyalya Akhiyarovnya
Ekaterinburg
M. E. Shimova
Department of Surgical Dentistry, Otorhinolaryngology and Maxillofacial Surgery, Ural State Medical University
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Shimova Margarita Efimovna
Ekaterinburg
Kh. J. Rakhmonzoda
Department of Neurosurgery and Combined Trauma SEI Avicenna Tajik State Medical University
Tajikistan
Tajikistan
Rahmonzoda Khurshed Jamshed – Professor, Director National Medical Center «Shifobakhsh»
Dushanbe
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Review
For citations:
Chekanova A.A., Olimov A.M., Selskiy N.E., Musina L.A., Shimova M.E., Rakhmonzoda Kh.J. Features of the morphological structure of the gingiva in the projection of dental implants after autoplasty. Health care of Tajikistan. 2026;(2):115-124. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.52888/0514-2515-2026-369-2-115-124
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