Influence of iron deficiency anemia on oral mucosa and tongue in pregnant women

Abstract

Aim. To assess the effect of iron deficiency anemia on the state of the oral mucosa in pregnant women.

Materials and methods. On the basis of the State Institution “NKI of Dentistry and Maxillofacial Surgery” of the Ministry of Health and the SZN of the RT, a clinical assessment of the effect of moderate iron deficiency anemia (IDA) on the state of the oral cavity was given in 48 pregnant women, where the hemoglobin level was below 100 g / l. The nature and severity of lesions of the oral mucosa were determined. Disturbances of taste sensations were assessed, a quantitative assessment of the varieties of taste disturbances was made, the nature and tonality of the color of the tongue were established.

Results and its discussion. In 48 examined women with IDA of moderate severity with hemoglobin below 100 g / l, local color changes were revealed on the anterior part of the tongue in the form of a bright red color. Paresthesia of the tongue was detected in 39.6% of women, for whom the most characteristic signs were burning sensations, tingling, tingling, and bursting. Sometimes these signs intensified with mechanical irritation - brushing teeth. The survey showed that 64.2% had a violation of taste sensations. The phenomenon of paresthesia of the tongue was in 39.6% of women; in 22.4% of women, a condition accompanied by a perversion of taste, dysgeusia, was recorded.

Conclusion. Iron deficiency anemia in pregnant women leads to significant changes in the oral mucosa in the form of pallor of the oral mucosa, paresthesia, impaired taste sensations (hypogeusia, dysgeusia), thinning of the epithelial layer and papillae of the tongue, difficulty in swallowing due to dry mouth, as well as whitish color gums mainly in the projection of the roots of the teeth.