The importance of studying the respiratory mechanical patterns in patients with traumatic brain compression in the diagnosis of acute respiratory distress syndrome

Abstract

Aim. To determine the role of respiratory and mechanical patterns in patients with traumatic brain compression and its relationship to the severity of the injury.

Material and Methods. The study was conducted on 60 victims with traumatic brain compression, aged 18 to 60 years. The victims were divided into 3 groups, 20 persons in each. In the 1st group, the degree of coma severity, according to the Glasgow scale, was estimated to be 13.1±1.2 points, in the 2nd group, 10.2±1.82 points, and in the 3rd group, 6.6±1.93 points. Respiratory patterns were studied using CГ-1M apparatus, Astrup apparatus (pH/BloodGaElectrolytes 1650), Karsbetriebsan-leitung Oxydig apparatus, and a 6+mono vacuum gauge with the calculation of elasticity in cm of water.

Results and discussion. The following respiratory patterns were reduced: functional residual capacity, alveolar ventilation uniformity, arterial blood oxygen tension; mixed venous blood oxygen tension, increased alveolar-arterial oxygen difference, pulmonary shunt, physiological dead space. Elasticity, distensibility, and airway resistance were decreased.

Conclusion. The study of respiratory and mechanical patterns revealed the development of respiratory insufficiency in patients with severe cerebral compression, the depth of which depended on the severity of the craniocerebral injury. The presence of I degree ARDS was revealed in 2 patients of the first group, II degree ARDS in 3 patients of the second group, and III-IV degree ARDS in 9 patients of the third group.