Content of ascorbic acid in different skin phototypes in children with vitiligo

Abstract

Aim. To evaluate the blood level of ascorbic acid in children with vitiligo according to skin phototype.
Material and Methods. Blood ascorbic acid levels were analysed in children of different ages (6-15 years) with different types of vitiligo, depending on skin phototype. Patients were divided into two groups according to the degree and localisation of the vitiligo lesions: with non-segmental (n=116) and with segmental (n=134) vitiligo. The area of distribution of the dermatosis and its stage of development were calculated using the VIMAN and VIDA indices, respectively. Serum ascorbic acid levels were determined by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Patients were classified by phototype according to T. Fitzpatrick’s classification.
Results and discussion. Among the children with vitiligo studied, skin phototypes II, III and IV were identified, with a predominance of phototype III over the others. Their percentages differed in the two groups studied. In non-segmental vitiligo, there were more children with a light phototype and fewer with a dark phototype compared to the group of children with segmental vitiligo. Ascorbic acid levels were significantly reduced in children with vitiligo compared to a group of healthy children. The most pronounced decrease was observed in the group with non-segmental vitiligo in the 7-9 year age group. In both groups of patients, there was a tendency for ascorbic acid levels to decrease with age.
Conclusion. The data obtained indicate that children with vitiligo have lower ascorbic acid levels than healthy children. The tendency to decrease increases with age, especially in patients with a dark phototype. This fact indicates the need to correct vitamin C levels in the body of children with vitiligo.