Aim. To study the influence of the level of physical and neuropsychic development of children on the quality of life.

Material and research methods. The study included 141 children of the first year whose QOL was assessed using the QUALIN questionnaire. 66.2% of them were boys and 33.8% were girls. More than half of children (65.8%) had average (normal) physical development, 21.7% - above average, 10% - below average and 2.5% - low. Neuropsychic development corresponded to age in 78.9% of children, delayed CPD was diagnosed in 21.1% of cases.

Results and its discussion. As a result of the study, it was found that the lag in physical development and delayed neuropsychic development are factors that significantly reduce the QOL of children in the first year of life. The results of the survey showed that children with a low level of physical development and delayed CPD have significantly lower QOL indicators in all aspects. Parents, on the other hand, evaluate the QOL of these children higher than pediatricians. They believe that their children do not differ from healthy peers. That indicates that parents are not sufficiently informed about the main aspects of the health and development of children of this age and underestimate their health status.

Conclusions. The results obtained in the study show that a significant reserve for improving the QOL of children in the first year of life is the active work of the outpatient element of the healthcare system providing families with the necessary knowledge about the main aspects of the life of infants and the consistency of interaction between parents and pediatricians to ensure the health of the child.

Aim. To assess the pathological changes in the oral mucosa of persons who use fixed prostheses and have a chronic viral infection.

Material and methods. 135 patients using fixed dentures against the background of chronic viral infection were under observation.

Results. The herpes simplex virus was observed in 66 (48.9%) persons using fixed dentures, human papillomavirus in 36 (26.7%), and a combination of the two in 33 (24.4%). Viral infection in persons using fixed prostheses in 110 (81.5%) cases causes pathological conditions of the mucous membranes of the oral cavity and the red border of lips, which are the most frequent manifestations of cheilitis and hyperplastic processes.

Conclusion. In persons using fixed dentures, a chronic viral infection contributes to the development of pathological changes in the mucous membranes of the oral cavity and the red border of the lips.

Aim. To analyze the sociological aspects organizations of dentistry, help beside persons with prosthetic induced parodontal pathology.

Material and methods. 250 orthopedic dentistry patients (108 men and 142 women) of the age from 20 to 60, participated in the interview. All patients had the teeth defect of different rows, localization, and extent.

Results and discussion. Nobody from polled has valued the condition of their teeth as excellent, only 6.4% polled consider the condition their teeth good. More than 1/3 polled respondents (34.8%) suppose that their teeth are in a satisfactory condition, but 61.6% have indicated that their teeth are in a bad condition.

Conclusion. The activity and utterance in providing wishes and offers by respondents show that there is a big interest of orthopedic patients in the improvement of the orthopedic dentistry service.

Aim. To study the features of the clinic, diagnostics and evaluate the effectiveness of the treatment of benign solitary and primarily multiple and tumor-like processes of the skin and surrounding structures of the periorbital region (SPMTLPSSSPR).

Materials and methods. A retrospective analysis of clinical data of case histories of 25 patients with various solitary, primarily multiple tumors and tumors-like processes of the skin and surrounding structures of the periorbital region was performed and the effectiveness of treatment was evaluated in the conditions of the State Institution “Republican Oncological Scientific Center” of the MOH and SPP of the RT 2015 to 2016.

Results and discussion. Evaluation of the effectiveness of treatment in 25 (100%) patients with SPMTLPSSSPR showed that in 15 (60%) - excellent results, in 7 (28%) - good results and in 2 (8%) patients received satisfactory result, and 1 (4%) patient had an unsatisfactory result. The quality of life of patients with SPMTLPSSSPR assessment by Karnowsky scale was improved from a minimal of 70% to 100%.

Conclusion. Surgical treatment of SPMTLPSSSPR made it possible to achieve treatment in 88% of patients.

Aim. Learn clinical and molecular diagnostics of cerebellar ataxias.

Material and methods. In the course of expeditionary work and medical genetic monitoring, carried at the Department of Neurology and Fundamentals of Medical Genetics of ATSMU with the participation of neurogenetic (from London), studies based on a clinical examination and confirmation of the diagnosis at the molecular genetic level were conducted. It allowed taking into account the pronounced genetic heterogeneity of hereditary diseases.

Research results. Of the 12 families with various forms of cerebellar ataxia, the greatest percentage fell on the Ataxia of Friedreich, Pierre-Marie, and less often Vit E - deficient ataxia. In 37.5% of cases, cerebellar ataxia was a symptom of spastic paraplegia of Charlevoix-Saguenay, Wilson Konovalov’s disease and adrenoleukodystrophy. The phenotypic manifestation of Friedreich and Pierre-Marie’s cerebellar ataxia was genetically confirmed.

Conclusions. 1. These data illustrate the importance of clinical screening of patients with suspected hereditary ataxia.
2. Molecular, biochemical and pathomorphological analyzes complement each other, allowing to set the correct nosological diagnosis.
3. New knowledge about the pathogenesis of hereditary ataxias allows some patients to carry out the quite effective supportive pathogenetic treatment.

Aim. To study the efficacy of percutaneous mini-invasive lithotripsy in children with unilateral nephrolithiasis.

Materials and methods. During the period 2017-2020, 156 children with kidney stones were examined and treated at the Department of Pediatric Urology of the State Institution “Istiklol Health Complex”. Percutaneous nephrolithotripsy (PNLT) was performed in 118 (75.6%) children with multiple, solitary, and coralloid kidney stones.

Results of the study. The efficiency of percutaneous nephrolithotripsy is considered according to the degree of kidney clearing fragmented small stones as well as complications during nephrolithotripsy and in the postoperative period. Complete removal of fragment stones and small stones has been achieved in 89 (88,1%) patients.

Conclusion. Introduction of new technologies - mini-percutaneous interventions, multiaccess, use of various energies for the disintegration of the concrement make this procedure the most effective and safe in children.

Aim. To improve the results of hip dysplasia diagnosis in newborns and infants.

Materials and Methods. The study was conducted based on the Republican Scientific Clinical Center of Pediatrics and Children’s Surgery in the period of 2019-2020. 82 children aged from 1 month to 6 months participated in the study. Methodology and classification of types of hip joint structure in children, developed by the Austrian orthopedic physician P. Graf in 1980 were used.

Results and discussion. The results confirm that ultrasound examination of the hip joint in newborns and infants, allows to find the hemodynamic disturbances in the hip joint, as well as the degree of joint maturity and dysplastic disorders.

Conclusion. Ultrasound examination of hip joints makes it possible to assess the degree of hip joint formation disorder and the effectiveness of the therapy performed.

Aim. To study the medical and social health aspects of women with breast dishormonal disease.

Material and methods. The clinical and laboratory study and observation of 341 patients with breast dishormonal diseases included: the main group (I) – patients of an activate fertile age (n=183), comparison group (II) – women of late fertile age (n=129), comparison group (III) – women in menopause age (n=29).

Results. It was found that patients with dishormonal breast diseases (DBD) approach specialists late. The main contingent of women with breast dishormonal diseases are village inhabitants (60,1±6,2%), housewives (81,5±6,2%), patients suffering from iodine-deficiency conditions (84,7±2,3%), urinary tract diseases; (80.0±2.4%): gastrointestinal tract, liver and biliary tract (93.1±4.7). The main mastopathy-provoking factor is the stress; depressing syndrome was found in 56,8±4,8%, anxious condition in 76,85,6%, cancerphobia in 7,4%.

Conclusion: Women with вreast diseases have a particular medical, social, and psychological burden. In the region of high fertility, they are represented by a contingent of various age groups with pronounced psychoemotional discomfort, low social status, and low awareness. 

Aim. To study the relationship between the state of biological membranes and indicators of pro - and antioxidant systems in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis.

Material and methods. The results of the examination of 60 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis, aged 19-63, who were treated at the National Tuberculosis Center of the Republic of Tajikistan, are presented.The patients were divided into two groups: drug-resistant form (MDR/TB) -28 (46.7%) and drug-sensitive form (MDR/TB) -32 (53.3%). The control group consisted of 30 healthy people, matched by age and sex.

Results. Analysis of the results showed that in MDR/TB, there was a more significant increase in ROS by 33.5%, MDA by 2.7 times, and a decrease in SOD by almost 2.0 times, respectively, in the control group. Less pronounced changes were observed in patients with MPH/TB. In the blood serum of patients with MLC/ TB, the content of ROS (Reactive oxygen species) increased by 17,1%, MDA by 2.0 times, and the SOD (Superoxide dismutase) activity decreased by 29% compared with the control group.

Conclusion. A characteristic of the course and progression of pulmonary tuberculosis is a combination of factors like hypoxia, oxidative stress, inflammation, accompanied by severe intoxication, characterizing damage to biological membranes, which are more pronounced in MDR/TB patients.

Aim. To improve the results of surgical treatment of injuries of the lumbar spine

Materials and methods. The work is based on the analysis of 79 patients who were treated in the neurosurgery department No. 2 of the State Institution of the National Medical Center of the Republic of Tajikistan - “Shifobakhsh” based on the Department of Neurosurgery and Concomitant Trauma of the ATSMU from 2014-2020. The age of the patients varied from 21 to 66 years. The assessment of the neurological status in spinal injury was assessed using the ASSIA IMSOR

Results. The main mechanism of injury in patients was: falling from a height of 59 (75%), road traffic accidents 20 (25%). On a series of CT scans of the spine, all patients had fractures of the vertebral body, fractures-dislocations of the vertebrae with compression of the spinal canal. We use a transpedicular construction (OSVEH a s I a “Medical Instrument”, Republic of Iran) with screws with a diameter of 4.0/5.5/6.0/6.5/7.5 mm.

Conclusion. Stabilizing transpedicular fixation (TPF) is the most effective method of fixing the spine when it is traumatically injured.

Aim. To optimize the treatment of patients with malignant trophoblastic tumors (MTT) in the Republic of Tajikistan.

Material and methods. The clinical material for this study was data on 118 patients with MTT treated in the Department of Oncogynecology and Chemotherapy of the State Institution “Republican Cancer Research Center” of the MoHSP RT from 2016 to 2019.

Results discussion. Treatment of all patients started with standard first-line chemotherapy, with a low risk of developing tumor resistance in the methotrexate/leucovorin (Mtx/FA) regimen, with a high risk of developing tumor resistance in the EMA-CO, MAC, and MAP regimen. Thus, the effectiveness of first-line chemotherapy in MTT patients was 94%.

Conclusion. It is extremely important to determine the degree of risk of MTT resistance to select the optimal chemotherapy regimen. The standard line I chemotherapy regimen (MTX/FA - for low risk of resistance and EMA-CO, MAC and MAP for high risk) are highly effective MTT treatment regimens and can be considered the optimal choice regimens.

Aim. To improve the medical care for children with a perinatal lesion of the nervous system.

Materials and methods. The assessment of individual rehabilitation cards of 298 children with lesions of the nervous system in the center for early medico-social rehabilitation.

Results and its discussions. Evaluation of the main EEG parameters was performed following the age of a child, taking into account the main stages of formation of bioelectrical activity of the brain of children with cerebral palsy. The bioelectrical activity of the brain did not correspond to the age norm, had disorders of varying degrees and some or other pathological signs.

Conclusion. An integrated approach in a work of a functional diagnostics doctor, psychologist, defectologist, and speech therapist, is an integral part of a comprehensive rehabilitation process. It improves the effectiveness of medical care for children with perinatal pathology and helps to improve the quality of life not only for the patients themselves but also for their families.

Aim. To study the features of the course of the second half of pregnancy, influencing the development of labor dystocia.

Materials and methods. In total, 236 women were examined. They were divided into 2 groups. Group 1 consisted of women whose labor was complicated by labor dystocia (N=96). Group 2 consisted of women in whom childbirth proceeded without complications (control, N=140).

Results. In women with labor dystocia in the second half of pregnancy has been a more frequent development of polyhydramnios (14.58±3.60% versus 5.71±1.96%, p<0.05), chronic uteroplacental insufficiency (44.79±5.08% versus 20.00±3.38%, p<0.05), chronic intrauterine fetal hypoxia (23.96±4.36% versus 12.86±2.83%, p<0.05), moderate preeclampsia (31.25±4.73% versus 10.71±2.61%, p<0.05). Sexually transmitted infections were more common (6.25±2.47% versus 0.71±0.71%, p<0.05) and a combination of several types of complications (54.17±5.09% versus 13.57±2.89%, p<0.05).

Conclusion. As a result of this study, it was revealed that in women with labor dystocia, already in the second half of pregnancy, there were some changes in laboratory and clinical parameters, which can be used to build an individual prognosis for this complication in a lobor

The article presents a clinical observation of gastroesophageal reflux disease in a child with underlying pathology of the central nervous system. Diagnosis of pathology is possible as a result of the use of a complex of modern research methods, to avoid complications, and timely determine the tactics of surgical treatment.

The article presents a review of the current literature on the diagnosis and treatment of septic complications at different stages of chemotherapy in children with acute myeloblastic leukemia.

Scientific studies in recent years have proven that due to the increased virulence of infectious agents and resistance to antibacterial drugs, the use of antibiotics has changed, according to the sensitivity of microbes and minimal adverse effects.

The presented literature review reflects the issues of the epidemiology of uterine cancer, classification of the disease, diagnostic methods, modern approaches, and principles of treatment, taking into account prognostic factors. Cancer of the uterus in the structure of cancer is considered pathology with a more favorable 5-year survival in women. Analysis of the literature has shown that many questions about the choice of tactics for the treatment of uterine cancer remain discrete and need further study.

A review of the literature on the most important aspects of diagnosis and treatment of herniated intervertebral disc. Literature data show that herniated disc continues to be one of the main causes of pain and disability in young working age. According to studies, early diagnosis and correctly selected surgical tactics in most cases contribute to complete regression of the pain syndrome and help achieving good results.