Aim. To study AB0 system blood groups and Rh factor of young people from Vakhsh valley of the Republic of Tajikistan; to carry out the comparative analysis and to define genetic geography of blood groups and Rh factor among Tajiks and Uzbeks; to define the importance of the results for early identification and differential diagnostics of similar clinical forms. 

Material and methods. Standard blood serum was used to define the blood group and Rh factor. 102 first-year students from Vakhsh valley aged 17-22 years participated in this research. The research was performed in the Central research laboratory of the TSMU.

Results. The blood group test revealed that 30% of Tajik women and 42% of Uzbek women had the I blood group. The II blood group for Tajik women was 35% and for Uzbek women 50%. The III blood group for Tajik women was 23% and for Uzbek women 16%. The AB group was almost completely absent in both groups of the female population. It should be noted that the negative Rh factor in Uzbek women was completely absent, while in Tajik female population it made 9%.

Conclusion. Thus, the blood groups are a specific biological feature of the individual which are formed in the early embryonic period and are constant during the life. 

Aim. To identify the reference points and prerequisites of the social legislation development.

Materials and methods. Following documents were studied in current research: the articles of the Constitution of the Republic of Tajikistan; materials of ministries, state departments, UNDP offices in Tajikistan; the concept of social protection of the population (2016); the decree of the government of the Republic of Tajikistan “On the National Development Strategy of the Republic of Tajikistan for the period until 2030”. The analysis of the program documents was carried out using general scientific, special-legal and  theoretical-legal methodologies.

Results. The most important function of the state is to improve the welfare of citizens through redistribution of income, an increase of workplaces, development of healthcare institutions, education, social security, an increase of the wages, an increase of social payments, etc. The poverty of 32% of population restricts the access to basic social services. Problems of low family welfare, social orphanhood, child labor exploitation, homelessness, the large scale of malnutrition (26% including 10% of children under the age of 5 years), unequal access to tangible and intangible resources are still present. Departmental rule-making in the social sphere creates “legal vacuums” conditions in the absence of an organizational structure for its elimination. The social policy of the Republic of Tajikistan should be based on minimum social standards.
Conclusion. The incompleteness of the legal regulation provides an opportunity for the law-enforcer to choose the means to overcome legal uncertainty in such ways that the decision is fair and does not violate the law. In this regard clear scientifically based reference points are required. The system of social legislation is national and built according to the level of the country's economic development. Its functioning is based on the internal state order. Further development of social legislation should be carried out taking into account new realities of the society, intensive strengthening of the law-spheres, the implementation of norms recognized by international organizations, system-forming connections based on the development of general principles of the institutions of legal regulation of social protection.

Aim. To study the issue of active detection of oncological diseases of the red lip border by dentists at stages of primary diagnostics.

Materials and methods. Following documents were studied in the research: accounting and reporting forms of the Ivanovo Regional Oncology Dispensary; retrospective analysis of the medical records in the surgical department of the head and neck for the period of 2010 - 2017. 

Results. The incidence of the lip cancer in the Ivanovo region is less than in Russian Federation in general. However, mortality rates from malignant neoplasms of the oral cavity are generally higher. An active detection of oncological pathology at outpatient dental appointments was noted. According to polyclinic data, in 2010 revealing of precancerous diseases of the red lip border 7 in the Ivanovo region made 0%; in 2011 - 15%; in 2012 - 25%; in 2013 - 10.5%; in 2014 - 42.9%; in 2015 - 16.7%; in 2016 - 21.43%; in 2017 -26.67%.

Conclusion. The number of primary detected lip cancer in the Ivanovo region is decreased. Early detection of oncologic pathology helped to increase five-year survival rates and fight disease by radiotherapy with minimal surgical interventions.

Aim. To study the efficiency of the postoperative anesthesia by local irrigation with “Xefocam” solu[1]tion in the surgical treatment of angular mandibular fractures.

Materials and methods. The research focused on a study of 53 patients of which 46 were men and 7 were women aged 17 - 60 years. Patients underwent surgery for the angular mandibular fracture under general in[1]travenous anesthesia with “Propofol”, “Ketamine” and “Fentanyl” with oxygen - air ventilation. Patients were divided into two groups. The comparison group consisted of 26 patients who underwent postoperative analgesia with “Ketonal” 200 mg/day and “Promedol” 4 mg/day intramuscularly. The main group consisted of 27 pa[1]tients who underwent local irrigation of wounds through a catheter with a solution of “Xefocam”.

Results. The pain reduction was noted in both groups, but during the first 24 hours of the postoperative period, the pain was more intense in the comparison group. The severity of postoperative pain in the first three days was 5,3; 3,6 and 2,95 points respectively. The severity of postoperative pain in patients of the main group on 1st day was 4.0 points, 2nd day 2,9 points and 3rd day 1.98 points.

Conclusion. The effective method of local irrigation allows providing an adequate level of analgesia in the early postoperative period of angular mandibular fractures surgical treatment.

Aim. To study the prevalence and severity of the deciduous and permanent teeth caries and to reveal the hygienic condition of the oral cavity in children of 7-8 years in the city of Khujand.

Materials and methods. The total number of children in the study group made 126 of which 75 — 59,5 % girls and 51 - 40,4% boys at the age of 7-8 years old. Examinations were carried out according to standard methods. Caries severity index showed the individual level of caries severity. Primary survey of each child revealed the level of individual hygiene of oral cavity using indexes of Green-Vermillion and Fyodorova-Volodkinoj. These indexes were found through coloring teeth surface with standard Kolortest №3.

Results. The study results of the prevalence of deciduous and permanent teeth caries of 7-8 years old children revealed significant morbidity, according to WHO 86,8 % (92 children). Сaries process intensity number (index CFM+cf) in the given age group has made 3,90±0,27 teeth and estimated as an average intensity level. The prevalence of deciduous teeth caries was 30,2 % while the prevalence of permanent teeth caries reached 59,2 % and estimated as an average.

Conclusion. The conducted study has shown a high pathology of hard dental tissues 82,4%. The prevalence of permanent teeth caries reached 60% and fissure caries 84%. High prevalence and intensity of fissure caries define the importance of preventive measures and prove the necessity of new approaches in this area.

Aim. To study the morphologic change of thyroid gland vessels at the diffuse toxic goiter.

Material and methods. The autopsy material of thyroid gland tissue with an intra-organic blood channel received from 22 operated patients with a diffuse toxic goiter that persisted for 5 - 7 years was an object of the research. Material preparation and the subsequent preparation of paraffinic sections were carried out by standard methods. The morphometric research included measurements of the sizes of intra-organic vessels of the thyroid gland (arterioles and capillaries) with subsequent calculation of the average indicators.

 Results. Morphologic study of thyroid gland vascular wall revealed the appreciable prevalence of dystrophic changes and thickening of vessel walls in a stroma of the thyroid gland. The structure of a vascular wall was defected due to dystrophic and necrobiotic processes. That brings to hyperpermeability that results in stagnation of a blood and causes edema in the stroma of the organ.

Conclusion. The change of intra-organic vascular system structure of the thyroid gland at the diffuse toxic goiter leads to various types of circulation breaches and depends on duration and severity of the disease. 

Aim. To improve the results of the evaluation of the disconnected intestine readiness for the intestine continuity restoration surgery.

Materials and methods. The study focused on 79 patients of 19 - 77 years old, which received reconstructive-regenerative surgery with end colostomy at the Clinic of Emergency care of Dushanbe. The number of men was 52 (65,8%) and women were 27 (34,2%). The main group included 26 patients while the control group included 53 patients. The diagnosis was based on laboratory blood tests, ultrasound, rectoromanoscopy, fistulography, proctography, pathohistological tests and video laparoscopy.

Results. Ultrasound examination of the main group patients showed earlier restoration of peristaltic and enlargement of its diameter. On the 5-8 days till two times per minute, in 12-15 days till three times per minute, while the average diameter of the intestine increased up to 2,3 cm. The intestine diameter of patients of the comparison group in 12-15 days increased till two times per minute, with an average diameter in[1]creased up to 1,6 cm. In 17 (32,1%) cases patients of the control group had severe intestinal paresis and in 6 (11,3%) cases anastomosis invalidity. The symptoms of severe intestinal paresis were observed only in 2 (7,7%) cases of the main group patients. However, anastomosis invalidity was observed only in 1 (3,8%) case.

 Conclusion. Ultrasonic evaluation of the results of preoperative preparation of the disconnected intestines and the level of its readiness for reconstructive-regenerative operation at patients with a colostomy is an extremely informative method that helps to reduce the frequency of postoperative pyo-inflammatory complications.

Aim. To investigate ethnic features of the local population according to skin relief of hands and the analysis of interrelations between finger dermatoglyphic and ABO system blood groups.

Material and methods. The research focused on TSMU first-year students of both sexes at the age of 17-22 years. Fingerprints were determined on the basis of patterns and were classified as L-loop, W-whorl, and A- arches. Blood groups were analyzed by placing a drop of blood on a slide and processing it by antiserum. The research was performed in the Central research laboratory.

Results. A significant amount of Tajikistan population is formed by Tajik and Uzbek nationalities. That is why the parameters of these two nationalities were assessed during the study.

Conclusions. The results of the research revealed that fingerprints of Tajiks of both valleys differ slightly. The minor difference of fingerprints was revealed among the male population of Tajiks and Uzbeks of Hisor valley. Considerable difference of fingerprints in Hisor and Vakhsh valleys with a prevalence of ulnar loops of Vakhsh valley representatives was revealed in a female population.

Aim. To improve the results of surgical treatment of diabetic foot syndrome and evaluate the efficiency of the autodermoplasty.

Material and methods. 56 observed patients had complicated forms of diabetic foot syndrome after transmetatarsal amputation complicated by necrosis of the fasciocutaneous flap. The research was made on the basis of the Center for Endocrine and purulent-septic surgery at Dushanbe State clinical hospital №3. The research group consisted of 34 (60.7%) men and 22 (39.3%) women. The age of patients ranged from 30 to 54 years.

Results. After cleansing the necrotic masses of wounds and appearance of the granulations, plastic replacement of the defect with a free, perforated skin flap of 0.2 - 0.4 mm thickness that was taken from the anterior outer surface of a thigh, was performed. The TcpO2 was measured before the plastic surgery at the level of the thigh. TcpO2 was in the range of 31-42 mmHg (average 35.8 ± 2.4 mmHg). The flap was fixated to the stump by nodal catgut sutures. Good fixation of the autograft is necessary for its engraftment. The first bandage was made after three days. During this period bandage was irrigated by a solution of decasan. Full engraftment was observed in 36 (64,3%) cases. In 16 (28,6%) cases only partial engraftment and in 4 (7,1%) patients complete necrosis of the graft was observed.

Conclusion. Thus, the organ and functionality sparing surgery should be carried out after the elimination of the inflammatory process. It is achieved by complex conservative therapy where the free autodermoplasty surgery should remain a method of choice to prevent the faulty stump in complicated forms of diabetic foot syndrome. 

Aim. To evaluate the use of biocompatible materials of a new generation based on nickelide-titan to eliminate cavitary formations of the maxillofacial region.

Material and methods. The research focused on the analysis of the surgical treatment results of 78 patients with cystic and benign formations of jaw bones. Granulated nickelid-titan in a combination with a platelet-rich blood plasma and textile thin-profile membrane was used in a complex therapy. The age of patients ranged from 18 to 55 years. 

Results. All patients had a favorable postoperative period without significant complications. The nearest postoperative period was accompanied by a minor inflammatory reaction in the intervention zone, which was mostly eliminated within 6-7 days. Patients did not present complaints during the examination in one month and all subsequent examinations. The mucous membrane in the area of operative intervention was pale pink without soreness. X-ray picture a year later in all patients showed complete restoration of bone defect with organotypic structure and mineralization. The decrease of bone height was not observed, which is very important for further implant rehabilitation of patients.

Conclusion. Highly integrated fine-grained nickelide-titan tissue in a combination with platelet-rich plasma brings to complete restoration of the bone structure within 6-8 months. It happens due to exclusively osteogenic reparation that is supported by clinical and radiological data. This technology showed to be highly effective in eliminating the cavitary formations of the maxillofacial area and allows recommending it as a method of choice. 

Aim. To assess the state of subjective health factors and to identify early clinical manifestations of the negative effects of electromagnetic radiation of cellular telephone users and cellular communication operators.

Material and methods. The research focused of 146 citizens (90 men and 56 women) of Dushanbe in[1]cluding 30 person without cellular phones and without an access to computer and induction furnaces; 50 active mobile phones users for the period of 5-6 years or more; 66 operators of the base stations and people contacting with electromagnetic radiation exceeding the maximum permissible level by ten times whole day. All examined were practically healthy people between the ages of 20 to 55.

Results. Analysis of the subjective indicators of the health status demonstrated the presence of a considerable number of different complaints. Those who maintained systematic contact with electromagnetic radiation of cellular communication showed a high frequency of neurasthenic type complaints. Most of the observed people complained about fast fatigue, sleep disorders (disturbing sleep, lack of sleep) and headache. Undoubtedly‚ the pathogenetic basis of a headache was not only neuropsychic and emotional stress but also cerebrovascular disorders. 7 (4‚7%) people from a third group complained about the pain in the heart. The tachycardia and arrhythmia were observed in 17 (11‚6%) cases in the third group and in 8 (5‚4%) cases in the second group.

Conclusion. Electromagnetic radiation, particularly of mobile phones requires a special approach of sanitary regulation according to the permissible level of exposure to electromagnetic radiation. Following the recommendations of hygienists on using the mobile phone the maximum use for an adult person is not more than 30 minutes per day while for children under the age of 18 it is recommended to not use it all.

Aim. To study the prevalence of the psychosomatic syndrome in patients with endemic goiter in Tajikistan.

Materials and methods. The study includes analysis of 602 patients, of which 108 are men of 30,6±13,98 average age and 494 women of 36,44±13,74 average age. Examination methods included: thyroid gland ultrasound, TSH levels test, free thyroxine and free triiodothyronine estimate tests, thyroid peroxidase and TSH receptor antibody tests.

Results. It was revealed 102 of 602 patients had the euthyroid condition without enlargement of the thyroid gland that shows an absence of correlation between endemic goiter and psychosomatic syndrome. It should be noted that the presence of a hypochondriac syndrome in 2,8% and depression in 10,4% of patients indicates the necessity of consultation and therapeutic intervention of psychiatrists.

Conclusion. Prevalence of the psychosomatic syndrome among analyzed patients with endemic goiter made 66,8%. The presence of a hypochondriac syndrome and depression in these patients shows the necessity of consultation and therapeutic intervention of psychiatrists.

This article presents short information on terminology, risk factors, pathogenesis peculiarities, clinical course, diagnosis and treatment of the Tacotsubo syndrome. It is characterized by severe transitory dysfunction of the left heart ventricle that appears on a background of a severe stress. Clinically and on ECG it goes as a severe coronary syndrome without significant lesion of the coronary arteries. Because of the rare incidents of the Tacosubo cardiomyopathies, this article could be useful for practicing physicians for diagnosis and treatment of a non-coronary form of cardiac ischemia.

Varicose disease of the minor pelvis is present in 6-15% of the female population of the planet. It causes a significant deterioration of the life quality, due to severe "pelvic" pain, frequent development of infertility and unpleasant sensations during sexual intercourse. Despite the urgency of the problem of managing these patients, issues related to the etiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment are unresolved and cause heated controversy among gynecologists and vascular surgeons. Current work attempts to generalize the data present to date, in order to determine the state of the problem.

Diabetic foot syndrome is a particular case of a chronic wound. The wound that exists more than four weeks with no signs of active healing is considered chronic. Critical colonization is very important since it is slowing the reparation processes and leads to the chronic transformation of the wound. The rational use of modern methods of local therapy based on scientific research is the key to successful solving of infectious complications of diabetic foot syndrome. Methods of regenerative surgery can close the wound defect even when there is no possibility to implement traditional methods.