Aim. To study the state of the immune system in children with external intestinal suture (EIS).
Material and methods. The immune state of 136 children with EIS of different forms and stages of intoxication was analyzed. 128 (94,1%) children had acquired EIS and 8 (5,9%) had congenital EIS.
They received clinical biochemical, x-ray, ultrasound and immunology tests on hospitalization.
Results. 98 (72,1%) of 136 patients had a decrease of immunoglobulins of all types and high concentration of circulating immune complexes. The decrease of humoral factors of immunity was observed in children with formed therapeutic stomas, sub compensated, compensated EIS and in patients with a presence of complications like dysbacteriosis, inflammation processes in intestine and dermatitis. Cell immunity and factor of protection were decreased in all patients with EIS. The decrease of humoral and cellular immunity in patients with formed EIS and therapeutic stomas was statistically reliably (p<0,05). It had a sufficient correlation (r – 0,67) with indicators in children with uncomplicated therapeutic stomas. In comparison with healthy patients and patients with uncomplicated therapeutic stomas, in patients with unformed and formed EIS it was found significant suppression of T and B-lymphocytes activity as well as T-helpers T-suppressors, natural killers, receptors of apoptosis, receptors for interleukin-2 and transferrin.
Conclusion. The change of cellular and humoral immunity such as decrease of immunoglobulins A, M, and G, the number of B and T-lymphocytes and protection factors, depends on the spread of inflammatory process and level of endogenic intoxication. Direct correlation between the severity of enteral insufficiency, level of endogenic intoxication and damage of hemostasis system, etiology, localization, level, function, and type of EIS was found.

Aim. To study the influence of the credit form of education on central and peripheral nervous system of students, depending on adaptation to a certain method.
Material and methods. Students of the biological, medical and pharmaceutical faculties of the Tajik National University were studied from the 1st to the 5th courses. Standard psychological and physiological tests with modifications were used. Behavioral activity, psycho-emotional status, attention, attitude toward studies, teachers and the teaching process was studied. The influence of the credit form of education on the nervous system of students has been comparatively studied depending on its load.
Results. It was found out that students are more adapted to one kind of learning without its constant change. That corresponds to one form of training, but not mixed.
Conclusion. It was found that a pure credit form causes mild tension of students nervous system. At the same time credit system with a partially traditional direction (mixed form) can cause the development of emotional stress in a young organism with the appearance of subsequent disorders.

Purpose of the study. A study of the state and the prospect development of the private sector in the health care system of the Islamic State of Afghanistan (IGA).
Material and methods of investigation. The materials of studying of the medical and preventive institutions of IGA have been switched to new methods of financing at the present stage.
Results of the study and their condemnation. The study showed that the medical system is a backward country and a limited government. The IGA does not show enough interest in the development of the health sector, and the potential of the private health care system is not adequately called for by the state. In recent years, the public health system of the IGA has been characterized by the dominance of the public sector with a trend towards private growth.
Conclusion. Our analysis of the health sector showed that the health care system of the IGA is extremely backward and limited, it is multi structural, consists of the public and private health sectors. The health system of the IGA is characterized by the dominance of the public sector with the emerging trend towards the growth of private medicine. At the same time, the state health policy is aimed at expanding the private sector in this area, but under strict state regulation. The main obstacle in the development of private medicine is the lack of security and war conditions, poverty and imperfection of regulatory documents, not the creation of a proper regulatory framework.

Aim. To assess contractile abilities of the myocardium in patients with non- coronary diseases of the myocardium (NDM) and ischemic heart disease (IHD) according to intracardiac hemodynamics.
Material and methods. The study presents the echocardiographic research of 15 patients with IHD and angina pectoris of II class (all men) and 15 patients with IHD (10 men and 5 women) aged 49,8±1,4 and 33,6±4,2 years respectively.
Method of stress-echocardiography with dobutamine load test was used for differential diagnosis of IHD and NDM. Echocardiography method helped to assess the indicators of intracardiac hemodynamics before and after use of dobutamine. Patients received dobutamine one time in a dosage of 25 mkg/kg/min.
Results. Usage of dobutamine improved indicators of hemodynamics (ESV, LVES), increased ejection fraction from 52% to 61,5%. That confirms the enhance of the overall contractility of the myocardium. Left ventricular contractility index (LVCI) increased from 1,12±0,06 to 1,51±0,07. That shows an increase in the number of segments with contractility disorder. Out of 170 segments with normokinesis 5 segments lost normal contractility and transferred into the state of hypokinesis. From 35 segments with hypokinesis before the load test, 4 has transferred into akinesis. 2 segments out of 20 with akinesis transferred into steady dyskinesis.
In comparison with IHD patients, patients with NDM had improvement of general contractility of myocardium after receiving dobutamine, but in less degree. At the same time, LVCI decreases from 1,29±0,06 to 1,05±0,03, that points to a decrease of segments with disordered contractility. 3 segments out of 8 with steady dyskinesis transferred into akinesis; 2 segments out of 12 with akinesis transferred into hypokinesis; 4 segments out of 61 with hypokinesis transferred into normokinesis.
Conclusion. Multidirectional effect of dobutamine in patients with IHD and NDM can be used in a differential diagnosis of these diseases.

Aim. To study hepatoprotective properties of ferazon in a combination with lipovital during toxic liver damage by СС14.
Materials and methods. The study was conducted on 56 white rats of both sexes weighing 210-220 g. Toxic hepatitis was caused by subcutaneous injection of 50% solution of CC14 on sunflower oil at the rate of 2 ml/kg per day for 1 month. Blood sampling of control and experimental groups was carried after 1 month of the experiment beginning. The drugs were administered intragastrically on a daily basis for 30 days. The animals were divided into the following series: 1 – intact, with intragastric injection of vegetable oil at dose of 2 ml/kg; 2 – control, receiving CC14 at a dose of 2 ml/kg on alternate days for 1 month; 3 and 4 – animals that received СС14 along with intragastric fenazon 0.35 and 0.5 g/kg; 5 – animals treated with fenazon 0.5 g/kg and lipovital 0.02 g/kg; 6 – animals treated with lipovital 0,02 g/kg; 7 animals treated with karsil in a dose of 0.2 g/kg.
Results. Toxic hepatitis of control group animals shows significant (P˂0,001) increase in the activity of cytolytic syndrome markers, cholesterol, as well as an increase in the concentration of bilirubin, total lipids, triglycerides, total protein, albumin, and a decrease in cholesterol and phospholipids composition of blood serum. In the series treated with ferazon in doses of 0.5 g/kg, the activity of ALT and AST in comparison with control animals decreased by 40.43%, 39.9% lipovital by 46.81%, 46% ferazon and lipovital by 49.32%, 49.03% SHF by 34.5% and 44.8%, 46% respectively. Studied drugs in indicated doses in comparison to the control animals significantly ( P < 0.05 - 0,001) decreased the levels of bilirubin, total lipids, triglycerides. They have improved disordered cholesterol, phospholipids, total protein and albumin that was caused by hepatotoxin.
Conclusion. Administration of ferazon in a combination with lipovital during toxic hepatitis shows an explicit hepatoprotective effect in indicated doses as evidenced by improvement of enzymatic, antitoxic, lipid and protein-forming liver function.

Aim. To study the effect of transdermal electro-pharmacological stimulation by Valerianaheel on the behavior of rats in various tests.
Material and methods. The study analyses the effect of physiotherapeutic device “ELAV-8”, constructed by Dr. D.V. Vorobyov, on the behavior of animals in the "Open Field", "Light-dark box" and " Elevated cross-shaped labyrinth " tests. The study suggests a new method of Valerianaheel administration by transdermal electro-pharmacological stimulation with a different current frequency (50 and 100 Hz).
Results. After the administration of the medicament with a current frequency of 100 Hz, animals demonstrated a decrease in a number of defecations (index of emotionality) in the "Open field" test. Use of 50 Hz induced a decrease in grooming by 50%.
In the "Light-dark box" test, 100 Hz of “ELAV-8” device induced an increase of time spent in the light compartment by 31%. It was also found that rats which received Valerianaheel through transdermal electropharmacological stimulation with “ELAV-8” spent less time (36%) in the dark compartment preferring the light compartment of the chamber. The "Elevated cross-shaped labyrinth " test after the application of different frequency current by Valerianaheel showed an increase in activity expressed in a number of over-hangings (by 5% for 50 Hz and by 25% for 100 Hz).
Conclusion. The results of the study suggest that administration of Valerianaheel by transdermal electropharmacological stimulation with “ELAV-8” device induces a decrease in stress level along with stimulation of the exploratory activity of laboratory rats.

Aim. To study the features of topical glucocorticoid medicaments in the treatment of atopic dermatitis in children.
Material and methods. 100 diseased children with atopic dermatitis aged 2-13 were under the observation. Patients were divided into groups according to the severity of the disease. Clinical features and treatment methods were studied.
Results. Topical therapy of atopic dermatitis is focused on eliminating inflammation and damaged skinbarrier function. All patients were prescribed basis complex therapy. In addition, patients with a moderate and severe course of disease received lokoid (hydrocortisone 1%) in a form of a cream, lipocream, and crelo.
Conclusion. The positive therapeutic effect of topical therapy was achieved in 96% of patients. The study showed high efficiency of the lokoid in a complex treatment of children with atopic dermatitis. Thus, this medicine is recommended in pediatric practice.

Aim. To study the possibilities of CT in the diagnosis and planning of simultaneous operations of combined pathologies of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses.
Material and methods. 120 patients with a combined pathology of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses had CT scan on the spiral device of Toshiba company production in axial and coronary projections with a step of the CT of 4 mm and a thickness of the cut of 4 mm.
Results. The examination revealed pathological changes in 115 (95.8%) patients. The maxillary sinus pathology was found in 36 (30.0%) cases; pathology of ethmoid sinus in 19 (15.8%) cases; frontal sinus pathology in 8 (6.7%) cases. 52 (38.8%) patients had a combined lesion of two or more sinuses.
Conclusion. CT scan of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses is effective in all patients with combined pathologies. It helps to obtain complete information about the condition of all paranasal sinuses and to plan the sequence and the scope of surgical intervention.

Aim. To study the state of cellular and humoral immunity in patients with atopic dermatitis.
Material and methods. 50 patients with atopic dermatitis aged 2-13 were observed. Patients were divided according to severity and the state of the disease. The state of cellular and humoral immunity was studied. The degree of severity was assessed by SCORAD index identification.
Result. The study of cellular and humoral immunity showed that in children with mild disease, Tlymphocyte and their subpopulations slightly deviated from the norm, but tended to decrease in comparison to the control group. Patients with moderate and severe course showed statistically significant (P <0.001) decrease in all parameters of the immune status.
Conclusion. Patients with a moderate and severe course of the disease showed an imbalance in various parts of the immune system. That contributed to the further chronicity of the process. It aggravated the clinical course and worsened the prognosis of the disease, leading to the disruption of compensatory adaptive mechanisms. Secondary immune deficiency increased indicating the need for early diagnosis of the disease and timely administration of etiopathogenetic treatment.

Aim. To study the features of ultrasonic characteristics of kidneys in children with an acute renal injury.
Material and methods. The results of an examination of 144 patients with acute renal injury aged 3-16 were analyzed. Depending on the form and causes of acute kidney injury (AKI), patients were divided into 3 groups: prerenal – 90 patients, renal – 34 and postrenal – 20 patients.
The ultrasonic examination was carried out in multiple positions with longitudinal and transverse scans in the frontal and sagittal planes. In total, more than 430 ultrasound examinations were performed in different stages of AKI, 2-4 times for each patient. The length, thickness, and width of the kidneys were determined in B-mode.
Results. A significant increase in kidneys volume from 1 to 3 stages was observed in all children with AKI. This process was mostly expressed during oligoanuria.
Conclusion. Structural parameters of the kidneys in different stages of AKI and its genesis are directly dependent on the etiology and stage of renal dysfunction.

Aim. To study the efficiency and safety of the combined method of treatment of uncomplicated, combined infectious diseases of the urogenital tract in men.
Materials and methods. 48 men aged 20 to 50 (average 32,4±2,1) with acute and subacute inflammation processes of lower parts of the genitourinary system were observed.
The diagnosis of the combined infectious disease of the urogenital system was made according to clinical picture and laboratory test results. Diagnostics of pathogenic and opportunistic flora was carried out microscopically using the following methods: direct immunofluorescence (DIF); enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA); polymerase chain reaction (PCR).
Combined treatment approach was developed considering the basic principles of therapy of the combined urogenital infections in men.
Results. Of all 48 examined patients, 33,4 % had an excretion from a genital tract, hyperemia, and edema of an external opening of the urethra; 31,2 % had itchiness, burning, and painful urination; 35,4 % had a combination of listed symptoms. Clinical signs of balanitis and balanoposthitis were registered in 14 (29,2%) patients. Urethritis was found in 16 (33.4%) and the combination of those in 18 (37,5%) patients. It is necessary to notice that in 29,2% of patients the combination of Ch. trachomatis, M. genitalium, Ur. urealyticum was registered more often. In 6.3% of patients the combinations of Ur. urealyticum, C. albicans and T. vaginalis were quite rare.
The efficiency of the offered method of treatment was reached in 47 cases, only one patient observed to have clinical improvements.
Conclusion. The offered therapy method of uncomplicated combined infectious diseases of the urogenital tract in men is highly effective. The efficiency of combined therapy method was observed clinically in 97.9% and microbiologically in 95.8% of cases. That gives an evidence to recommend developed method in practical health care.

Aim. To study concomitant infectious pathology in pediatric patients with cardiac surgery.
Material and methods. 150 patients hospitalized in the department of cardiac surgery for the period of 2012-2015 were observed. Methods of the study included echocardiography, ECG, chest radiography, clinical laboratory tests, a blood test for intrauterine infection, procalcitonin test, immunogram test, genetic tests, angiocardiography, bacteriological examinations of smears and sputum.
Results. In 28.6% cases cytomegalovirus infection (CMV) and in 37.3% cases bacterial infection was diagnosed. It was found that in 38.4% cases the presence of comorbid infectious pathology in cardiosurgical patients has a significant effect on the progression of infectious complications in the postoperative period.
Conclusion. The concomitant pathology of infectious genesis in cardiosurgical patients often requires additional costs for diagnosis and treatment.

Aim. To assess the morbidity, development of complex strategies of prevention, early diagnosis and treatment of echinococcosis in Tajikistan.
Material and methods. The study covers 213 cases of patients with echinococcosis of abdominal cavity organs operated at surgery departments of Dushanbe City Clinical Hospital of Emergency during 2012-2016.
Following instrumental, serology and histology methods were applied: ultrasound, CT, X-ray, immunoferment analysis of antibodies for Echinococcus. The findings were processed by methods of variation statistics.
Results. High risk of infection was found in 116 (54,4%) cases among dog owners, whose dogs had not received deworming. Of 36, 5% of observed patients 30 (38,4%) had specific antibodies for Echinococcus granulosus found by immunoferment analysis.
Hydatid cyst removal, where cyst stays intact was performed in 24 (11,2%) cases of liver resection, in 9 (4,2%) cases of cysto-pericystectomy and in 4 (1,8%) cases of spleen removal. Post operation complications were found in 21 (9,8%) patients, where mortality made 3,7% of cases.
Conclusion. The increase of echinococcosis is observed in Tajikistan during the period of 2012-2016. In 62,9% of cases, the infection has epidemic features. Radical methods of liver hydatid cyst removal like marginal atypical and typical resection of the liver and total cysto-pericystectomy are effective in terms or disease relapse prevention. Organ-preserving operations like aplatisation of a cyst, subtotal pericystectomy and external drainage of the fibrous cavity are also effective approaches that are not inferior to radical operations. A high percentage of disease relapse (19,2%) shows the necessity of anti-relapse therapy after the operation. Specific therapy in the preoperative and postoperative period in patients with echinococcosis of abdominal cavity decreases relapse of the disease.

Aim. To study the peculiarities of the toxocariasis spread depending on the sanitary and hygienic conditions of the environment.
Materials and methods. The study was performed during 2014-2015 in the areas located on the valleys and foothill-mountainous territories of Tajikistan. 30 settlements were surveyed. The scientific literature and statistics of the regional Centers of the State Sanitary and Epidemiological Supervision of the Republic of Tajikistan and the Republican Veterinary Service were studied.
Results. 535 of the examined subjects were children under the age of 14, of whom 252 (47.0 ± 2.1%) were seropositive: 107 (20.0 ± 1.7%) boys and 145 (27.1 ± 1.9%) girls. Infected dogs were observed in 74.4% of cases in the plains regions, with the largest in the Rudaki region - 77.7 %. In 80,6% of cases, infected dogs were found in foothill areas. That number is higher in comparison with flat areas, especially in Nurabad region (86.6% of cases). Contingent subject to the risk was identified. Of 119 examined service dogs 48 (40.3%) were infected. Of the 39 shepherd dogs 29 (73.4%) and of farm dogs - 12 (33.3%) had toxocariasis. 7 (38.9%) out of 18 from rural and 8 (16%) out of 50 urban dogs were infected.
Conclusion. Toksokarosis is widespread in Tajikistan, especially among children (up to 14 years old). The main hosts of toxocariasis are dogs and cats, the number of which is increasing in a country. However, disinfection of animals is practically not carried out. This causes the risk of infection for people. Leading factors contributing to infection are feces of dogs and cats polluting the environment almost in all regions of Tajikistan.

The article observes the main highlights of activities of the center for the entire period of its existence and the development prospects for the near future. A number of relevant and important proposals were developed both for the city of Dushanbe and for the Republic of Tajikistan.

The article presents a review of the questions of postoperative therapy in patients with pathology of the nasal cavity. According to the literature, over the past decade, there has been an increase in interest among clinicians concerning herbal therapy, due to the lack of allergic reactions and other side effects.